How many volts just went through my body?

It’s the amps that kill you, but it’s the voltage that creates those amps. In order to kill you, you need a source of electricity with both high voltage and the capacity to deliver high current. A low-voltage high-current source (e.g. automotive battery) is not dangerous because it can’t pass enough current through your body to kill you. Likewise a high-voltage low-current power source like a Van de Graff generator cannot deliver enough current to kill you. A 300-volt 120-uF capacitor in a camera does have enough voltage and current capacity to kill you, so be careful next time!