Curiously, in Italian the colorful surnames are pluralized.
Verdi – greens
Neri – blacks
Bianchi – whites
Rossi – reds
Those are the most common names. There may be some Bruni (browns) floating around, but I’ve never heard of any Gialli (yellows), Blu o Azzurri (blues), or Arancioni (oranges).
I’ve heard of “Bruno” as a surname (as well as a first name), and have always assumed it was Italian.
You’ve reminded me of another one from Arabic – Safra and other variations on the s-f-r root mean “yellow”. There is an international banking family that once owned American Express (and still might) with the surname Safra.
In Russia, Bely/Belov (White), Cherny/Chernov (Black) and Golubev (Light Blue - or Dove, depending on how you want to take it) are fairly common surnames. I’ve seen Krasnov (Red) as well, but not as frequently.
Most of the others almost certainly exist - Russian surnames are impressively varied and can sound as wacky as a Monty Python sketch in translation: Mr. Hardbread, this is Mr. Dryhands.
My friend’s sister married a man from Mexico whose sir name is Amarillo (yellow).
Haj
In my town there is a historical house name the Pink House. It not named after the color but the owner, Charles Pink.