How much is generally paid to musicians whose work is used in movies? Commercials?

Factual Questions
1

Wow. That’s the first time I’ve ever had an OP eaten on me. Luckily, it’s still in the clipboard:

This is something I’ve always wondered about. I mean, you hear the dollar figures for the big cases (e.g. MS paid something like $25 million to get the rights to “Start Me Up” for their Windows 95 commercial), but what is the average rate for a hit song?

Also, do these rates differ according to where the song is going to be placed? I can see how they’d charge more to let their music be used in a commercial than a movie, but what about movies vs. video games? Or TV? Do small, locally-owned businesses tend to pay the same amount as multinational corporations if they need a particular song? Do makers of potential hit movies pay less/nothing for the music, since its inclusion could be seen as promotional for the band? If yes, would the chances of this change depending on the song’s prominence in the movie?

Also, how do the rates for hit songs by popular artists compare to, say, one-hit-wonder songs? Or songs that were never popular at all? Did Volkswagon get “Da da da” dirt cheap?

2

I don’t know the dollar figures. However, we had a guy in our squadron in WWII who played the piano pretty good. After the war, he used his GI Bill education money to go to a school to really learn the ins and out of professional piano playing.

He had a successful career playing gigs around the Los Angeles area and quite a bit of his income was playing for movie shorts, TV and radio commercials and the like.

When I saw him in Las Vegas about 6 or 7 years ago, he was retired and he remarked that he had been lucky to get in on the good years. Such jobs are scarce now, what with digital sythesizers humans are no longer in demand for such jobs.

3

I heard a Randy Newman interview awhile back (or, as we say in these parts, “wallago.”) He had written the “Wouldn’t you like to be a Pepper, too” jingle for Dr Pepper. He got a flat royalty for the song. He had declined to perform the jingle, though, so he got no residuals for each time it was played. The “Jungle” track for the Monk series is his voice, so I assume he gets residuals for each rerun.