<http://boards.straightdope.com/sdmb/showthread.php?threadid=42448>
This thread was closed too soon. Captain Amazing is almost correct, but wrong in several important ways.
The Romans refered to other days as preceding the Ides, Nones and Kalends. The 14th of March was “the day before the Ides of March”. The last day of February was known as “the day before the Kalends of March”.
But it gets worse-- they used “inclusive reckoning”, where the count included the marker day. Thus the 13th was “the third day before the Ides”. The next to last day of February was the "third day before the Kalends of March. March 29 would be “the fourth day before the Kalends of April.”
So the 16th of October would be “the seventeenth day before the Kalends of November”, not “one day after the ides of October” as Captain Amazing says.
The Nones was always 9 days before the Ides, inclusive reckoning, so it was on the 7th in March, May, July and October,on the 5th in other months.
Then there was the leap year day-- “the second sixth day before the Kalends of March”. Whether this was the 23rd (before the first sixth) or 24th (after the first sixth) is in dispute.