I’m curious - what jurisdiction are you referring to, Peter Morris? I’m not familiar with a system where everyone charged with an offence gets their lawyer paid for by the public - I’m only familiar with systems where Legal Aid only covers those under a certain income level. If you’re over that level, you have to pay for your defence lawyer yourself.
In Canada, “costs” include both court costs and lawyers’ fees. The Court can award costs against the unsuccessful party in a civil suit.
There’s two level of costs awards: party-and-party costs, and solicitor-client costs.
Party-and-party costs include court fees and disbursements, plus a set amount for lawyers’s fees, as set out in a tariff of costs issued as part of the Court’s rules. This is the type of award that is normally given by the courts to the successful party.
Solicitor-client costs means the unsuccessful party pays the entire bill of the other party. This type of award is reserved for cases where the court wishes to sanction the conduct of the unsuccessful party, or the balance between the parties calls for such an award.
UK, as I said. I think it’s correct for UK, but IANAL, ICBW
As far as I’m aware, even the wealthy are entitled to free legal representation in criminal matters, if they want it. They can choose to pay for their own lawyer, though.
I think it’s a bit more nuanced than you’ve suggested.
From the Legal Services Commission: Can I Get Legal Aid?:
So it sounds to me that for for the less serious offences in magistrates’ courts, there is a means test - a wealthy person would have to pay for their own lawyer.
For the more serious offences in the Crown and higher courts, there is no means test, but if a wealthy person relies on a legal aid lawyer, the court can order that wealthy person to pay the costs of that legal aid defence.