Very interesting thread, and so many points to address.
I live in a country where 12-step programs are generally poorly regarded as somewhat ‘cultish’, and even worse, non-professional ! Unfortunately, the fact that obvious weaknesses of the 12-step program are widely recognized hasn’t driven us to develop any more efficient alternatives.
I think one of the problems with the “success” statistics of 12 step programs is that we’re comparing apples with oranges.
You might think of a gym as an analogy. 100 people sign up at the gym on Jan 1 in a fit of good intentions. By March, 75% have stopped coming, and most of the 25% remaining only show up irregularly. Some of those who do show up don’t make much of an effort, they hang around eating energy bars and talking the good talk. Come December we do some recovery rate and strength gain tests, and it comes as no surprise that only 10% of the 100 members have made any appreciable gains. You’d probably agree though, that this doesn’t prove that gyms are an ineffective way to improve fitness ! And this only addresses people who took out a membership - I couldn’t even count the number of people who showed up once or twice, then moved on to another gym, or decided it wasn’ t for them. I should also mention that many of the dropouts may come back two or three years later, and successfully improve their fitness levels - these people will not be included in our success rate.
When you do statistics on most treatment protocols, one of the basic assumptions is that the treatment has actually been followed. In the case of 12 step groups, and to a lesser degree talk therapies, this is a highly questionable assumption.
Specifically regarding the ‘disease’ model of addiction, I think it can be misleading. As several posters have pointed out, framing addiction as a disease can lead to a victim mentality, and hopelessness. OTOH, most of the addicts I’ve met already suffer from this… I believe the original purpose of framing addiction as a disease was political - the idea being to shift addiction from being a public order / penal issue, to being a public health issue. This mindset seems to have extended to alcoholism and other addictions. It also seems to help some addicts to stop fighting the facts, and get focussed on finding solutions. Some people seem to be less ashamed if they can say they ‘have a disease’.
I’ve been a patchy attender at a 12 step program for a number of years, and my observation is that this program is a success for some number of people, and the biggest success factor is wanting it (nothing too surprising there). I also volunteer at a methadone clinic and a free syringe program, and in their limited goals, these are successful too. The aim of the methadone program is to ‘stabilize’ addicts, reduce crime and enable them to hold down a steady job while continuing to be addicted. The aim of the syringe program is to reduce the incidence of needle sharing, and slow the spread of AIDS and hepatitis.
I lost my brother to an overdose some years ago, and lost a close friend to AIDS contracted from IV drug use. If one of the syringes I hand out saves someone from AIDS, that’s a success. If using methadone saves someone from an OD, that’s a success. Best of all, if somebody somebody kicks their addiction, builds a life, starts a family, whatever their dream is - this is something I’ve mostly (though not exclusively) seen in 12-step programs. In some sense, I think of complete abstinence as the long-shot : mostly doesn’t work out, but the rewards are infinitely richer.
I really hope I don’t come off sanctimonious here, but to the people who seem to be hostile to AA (Kalhoun ?), I think your ire is misplaced. Whether or not you accept that AA works, I’ve never seen any indication that it causes harm. And for my personal experience - I believe AA is a highly flawed program, but there’s something right somewhere in the mix. It does work for some people, and that’s all it needs to do.