[QUOTE=MrDibble]
In South Africa, the equivalent of *nigger *is kaffir. It is, no question, the worst thing you can call a black person.
Township blacks do not greet each other with “hey, my kaffir”, there is no group called “Kaffirs With Attitude”. Post-apartheid, it pitched up in a couple hip-hop songs, but nowhere like the US nigger. It is recognized by the govt. as fighting words, by the labour laws as insta-dismissal talk.
I’ve always wondered why that is. My best guess is that most SA blacks natively speak a non-Afrikaans language, and therefore have other routes to take for self-affirming inspeak. Most US blacks do not have that option (just like gays). They are forced to use the language of the oppresor, in which case inversion of meaning becomes a viable route of self-affirmation and group identity. Does that sound about right, or is there a better thesis?
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MrDibble, y’know, that’s about 3/4th of it.
On another thread, I noted that, in North Americas, “nigger” was once a general racial descriptor of all black people that everyone used, that became more and more insulting, profane, hateful and obscene as centuries went on. Today it’s a slur. Nigger and nigga are considered verboten to non-blacks.
I don’t believe kaffir ever went through a period where it was considered a general descriptor of all blacks in South Africa, since the oppressors were a minority who devised the slur on the same continent where the blacks had, as you said, their own languages, cultures and traditions and never embraced kaffir as a self-descriptor. They never needed to. So kaffir was always seen as an outsider’s racist term.
So I think the benefit of being in a population majority and having largely intact cultures, including language, enabled South African blacks to retain self-affirming tribal identities and kept kaffer from being an African version of nigger.
Here’s a thought: had the indigenous peoples of the Americas not had the immense, decimating population losses due to disease introduced by the conquistadors and had their cultures similarly decimated and forcibly assimulated, would the masses of their descendants have accepted the label “Indian?”