Rook said:
"I do agree with you on your points. Genes which increase same-sex cooperation may be an advantage. But I feel same sex cooperation between males exists without the “gay gene” in a non-intimate form."
I gave a horribly simple example, which failed to make my point.
I don’t believe in a “gay gene.” I can accept that there may be a number of genes which affect behaviour, and that there may be a correlation between some of these genes and homosexuality. But that’s not the same thing as a “gay gene.”
If we go back to my “sprinter” example - a good sprinter will have a number of physical characteristics. For instance:
Overall size
A high proportion of anaerobic, “fast twitch muscles”
Low body fat percentage
High tibia-to-femur length ratio
Favourable tendon and muscle anchorages
All these characteristics are governed by our genes to some extent, and most of them are the result of the interactions of several (perhaps hundreds) of genes.
If you do a genetic study of sprinters, you will probably find correlations. Let’s suppose you find that 80% of world-class sprinters share a particular gene. Does that make it a “sprinter gene”? Not at all. Having that gene may make you more likely to be a good sprinter, but THAT IS NOT THE “PURPOSE” OF THE GENE. The gene may simply code for a protein which improves anaerobic metabolism, or something equally low level and exotic.
Getting back to homosexuality -
There may be genes which affect elements of behaviour and brain function.
There MAY be a particular combination of these genes which makes homosexuality likely.
You may be able find a correlation between the presence of certain genes and homosexuality.
BUT it would be a huge mistake to regard such a gene as a “toggle switch” for homosexuality, and therefore a disadvantageous mutation. The genes may in fact be extremely advantageous to an individual and/or population, even though particular combinations of them sometimes produce individuals who are less likely to breed. A persistent 5-10% incidence of homosexuals among humans would seem to support this.
As to your OP question of whether homosexuals are born that way, I don’t know. Maybe some of them. Human behaviour is so complex and flexible that I’m reluctant to accept this absolutely. But as I said before, I don’t think it matters.
Zen101
I haven’t read “The Blind Watchmaker”, but I have read “River out of Eden” and I saw Dawkins’ Christmas lectures at the Royal Insitution on TV several years ago. The clarity of his ideas and the economy with which he communicates them are fantastic. Makes me jealous as hell, to be honest!