A few folks have been putting cameras on kites and airplanes since the late 1800s - However, about 15 years ago the availability of
automatic 35mm cameras and then small digital cameras made it practical for many people to apply it to a wide variety of applications:
Wildlife monitoring, Archeological site mapping, Crop evaluation, Forestry surveys, Controlled burn monitoring, Search and Rescue,
Scenic photography, Bio research, Construction site security, Police accident investigation, Bird flight research, Real Estate photography,
UAV development.
Most of these activities were engaged in by volunteers or as individual activity of employees. Two applications attracted the attention of the
FAA - Real Estate Photography and UAV development. Both commercial and both conducted in urban areas. Both were being done under
the guise of flying ‘Model Airplanes’.
The FAA clarified the definition of model airplane as a recreational activity conducted at recreational areas defined by the Academy of Model Aeronautics.
Everything else is commercial and requires FAA certification.
The FAA levied a fine of $10,000 on a guy named Trappy for violating the FAA guidelines. The fine was challenged in court and a judge found that
the FAA could not fine Trappy because the FAA had not followed proper procedures.
Congress directed the FAA to follow proper procedures and create guidelines that met the needs of all the applications listed above, resulting in:
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CEgQFjACahUKEwih0--TuYvHAhVFrIAKHWUgBF4&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.faa.gov%2Fuas%2Ffaq%2F&ei=jJm-VaHdLcXYggTlwJDwBQ&usg=AFQjCNFPvdcFfLvh78UjSHJMZ3X5g-dVLQ&sig2=3V8cqULGyUZfscWMX9W-nw
FAA comments on the guidelines provide some examples:
Hobby or Recreation_________Flying a model aircraft at the local model aircraft club field.
Commercial__________________Receiving money for demonstrating aerobatics with a model aircraft.
Hobby or Recreation_________Taking photographs with a model aircraft for personal use.
Commercial__________________Using a model aircraft to photograph a property and using the photos in the property’s real estate listing.
Commercial__________________A person photographing a property or event and selling the photos to someone else.
Hobby or Recreation_________Using a model aircraft to move a box from point to point without any kind of compensation.
Commercial__________________Delivering packages to people for a fee.
Hobby or Recreation_________Viewing a field to determine whether crops need water when they are grown for personal enjoyment.
Commercial__________________Determining whether crops need to be watered that are grown as part of commercial farming operation.
The Kentuckian with the multi-rotor was in violation on several counts. The multi-rotor was operating in close proximity to persons and property. It was not at a field used for recreation. I understand that the craft was taking photographs for the sale of real estate. That is commercial activity and requires a COA.
Of course the FAA guidelines do not give anyone permission to shoot down errant drones. But, I agree with posters above - who’s going to convict him?
Crane