I’d bet at least some of the contamination is due to decades of lead wheel-balancing weights falling off of moving cars. Either way, out of curiosity, how often do these tests reveal problematic concentrations of lead in the roadside soil?
Not completely. Most piston-engined aircraft still burn 100-octane, low-lead (100LL) “avgas”.
The piston engines on general-aviation aircraft (not the gas-turbine engines used on turboprop or jet aircraft) need high-octane fuel to get the best power-to-weight ratio they possibly can. They need an octane booster to do this, and tetraethyl lead has been the go-to solution for a century. That’s likely to change very soon:
I don’t work for Caltrans, so I don’t really know. I only know about the tests because of a joint project where the city did the right of way (ROW) acquisition. Years after the joint work contract was signed, when the ROW parcels were being transferred to Caltrans, they tried to make us do new environmental documents because, among other things, the lead testing had been added.
Fortunately the contract specified that we had to meet ROW requirements as documented in 2001, and that was already done. So they did the tests themselves.