Ok…First there’s the Population, which is the Adult Civilian Non-Institutional Population: Everyone 16 and older who is not in the military, or in prison, or an institution. Basically all the people who do not face any legal restrictions to work or changing jobs.
Employed are those who worked at least 1 hour for pay or 15+ hours unpaid in a family business or farm. Those not working because of vacation, weather, temp illnes etc are still Employed.
Unemployed are those who did not work but could have taken a job the previous week and actively looked for work in the previous 4 weeks.
Employed + Unemployed is the Labor Force…those working or trying to work.
Everyone else in the Population is Not in the Labor Force (mostly retirees, students, disabled, stay home spouses, etc).
The Unemployment rate is Unemployed/Labor Force.
Now, if someone was looking for work, but stops looking, or was working, stops and doesn’t look for work, s/he is no longer in the Labor Force and is now "not in the Labor Force.
The Labor Force Participation Rate is the Labor Force as a percent of the Population…answers the question “what percent of the population is actually available for work?” In Jan 2009 it was 65.9%. In Oct 2012 it was 63.8%
So what some people are doing is this:
The current labor force is 12,258,000 unemployed plus 143,384,000 Employed equals 155,641,000 (rounding errors). But what if the same percent of the population was trying to work as in Jan 2009? The current population is 243,983,000 so 65.9% of that is 160,785,000. That’s what the Labor Force would be if the same percent was participating. So 160,785,000 - 155,641,000 = 5,144,000 more people who would be looking for work. Adding them in with the new labor force gives us (12,258,000+5,144,000)/160,785,000 = 10.8%
Now all that is true…BUT…boil it down and all it’s saying is that if more people were Unemployed then the Unemployment rate would be higher. Duh.
Furthermore, it’s assuming that the difference in Labor Force (people who dropped out or never started looking) is ALL people who would be unemployed except they stopped looking. The problem is that the number (and percent) of people who don’t want to work has also gone up.