If you ask me, one of the chief culprits is joint and several liability.
I’m no lawyer, but as I understand it, if a company is found even partly liable for damages, they can wind up paying ALL of the damages if none of the other liable parties can. The ‘deep pockets’ theory. It’s this that causes plaintiff’s attorneys to file shotgun lawsuits that name everybody in sight with deep pockets when an accident happens.
The example of this that comes to mind was a case a few years ago in which a guy in a Piper Cub with a home-made camera mount tried to take off from a private airport. The guy owed the airport money, so the airport manager drove his pickup truck onto the runway to stop him. Now, a Piper cub is a tailwheel airplane, with very poor over-the-nose visibility when taxiing. So the pilot didn’t see the guy in the truck.
As the pilot reached flying speed and the tail lifted up and the nose came down, he finally saw the truck sitting on the runway. He cut the power and slammed on the brakes, but didn’t stop in time. The plane hit the truck, and the pilot’s head (there was no shoulder belt in the plane - which was built in 1946) hit the home-made camera mount and he suffered brain damage. The pilot sued.
As I recall, here’s how it broke down - first, the lawyers tried to sue Piper for making a tailwheel airplane. That failed, because there are good reasons for tailwheel airplanes, and it’s a standard construction practice. The lawyers also sued the airport manager, who was the real culprit here. And they sued Piper for not installing shoulder belts in the plane, even though when the plane was built shoulder belts were unheard of.
Oh, and they also sued the tire company, because some enterprising legal assistant managed to dig up a study that showed that the tread type on those tires was slightly less effective than other tread types.
In the end, the airport manager was found to be the main liable party in the accident. Piper was also found to be guilty, as I recall, even though the guy would never have suffered brain damage if he hadn’t installed his home-made, non-approved camera mount in front of his face.
Oh, and the tire company was found to be something like 2% liable, because if the treads had been slighty more efficient the impact energy might have been marginally lower, leading to (speculatively) slightly less injury to the pilot.
And in the end, the airport manager had no money, and either Piper was found not guilty or couldn’t pay because they were in bankruptcy (small airplane companies often are). So guess what? The TIRE company wound up on the hook for a couple of million bucks.
The way I see it, if the tire company was 2% liable, they should have paid 2% of the damages. If the other parties couldn’t pay, then the pilot is just out of luck. But forcing the tire company to pay the whole shot is simply wrong. It’s not much better than just holding a gun up to the nearest rich person and making them pay, because hey, the Pilot has a right to compensation, right?