I’m a Calgarian through and through, and I love this city. We have big skies, and if you love the outdoors there is no place better, but you have to weigh the culture of both.
As for jobs, Calgary may be easier than Edmonton to find a marketing job. The job market is more varied in Calgary than Edmonton. Edmonton is somewhat more blue collar than Calgary. Both are quite culturally diverse as well, and although there is a “red neck” heritage to both, neither city has too many issues with racism.
Schooling will be the same in both, there are good neighbourhoods, and bad in both cities.
The weather is slightly better in the winter in Calgary, and Edmonton has more clear days in the summer than Calgary.
Both are car cities (actually SUVs and Trucks), and neither are very easy to get around via transit - although Calgary’s LRT system is far better than the LRT in Edmonton - Edmonton has maybe 1/3 the number of train stops on its line. Both have congestion on the roads, both have vast suburbs which if you work downtown, it will take you an hour to commute every morning. Both have “hollow cores”, the downtown of both cities is near deserted after 5:30 pm, and over the weekends. People tend to stay in their burb, and in the big suburban mall on the weekends, although both have busy “trendy” neighbourhoods, with cafes, book stores, galleries, and a night life (17th Ave in Calgary, and Whyte Ave in Edmonton).
Calgary has a better bike pathway system, and is closer to the mountains and country. Calgary is definately more outdoorsy.
Edmonton has more of a creative culture. Edmonton has more arts festivals, and a more inclusive arts scene, although Calgary’s own arts scene is still quite vibrant, and has some amazing local arts.
Calgary has more of a culinary scene, and the sheer variety of all the international cuisines is amazing here, although I have had some amazing italian food in Edmonton.
Edmonton has a more active music scene and more international artists and big bands will come to Edmonton than to Calgary. Calgary seems to have more of a nightclub & DJ scene than Edmonton, but Calgary still has some great smaller venues.
Both have quite low crime rates, although there has been issues with gangs in both cities.
Both are very family friendly, and there are lots of activities and events for the whole family in both cities.
Honestly, I would say you need to visit both, because they both have such distinct cultural personalities that without a week in each to get to know the city, you can’t really know where you’d fit in better.