Linda Lutton on Bush tax cut

The higher returns on private assets compared to SS is really a red herring.

The reason the “return” on SS is so low is that because of the pay-as-you go structure there is a “hidden debt” in the system ie the first generation which got benefits without paying in into the system and everyone who follows has got a lower return because of that.

So when December says that if he gets to put his SS money into stocks he will earn a higher return that’s true but it ignore the fact that now his taxes are no longer going into the system which either means the government has to borrow or that it buys back less debt. This washes out the effect of the higher return from the point of view of the economy as a whole.

This is just another way of rephrashing Tejota’s point that if privatising SS doesn’t raise GNP growth by definition December’s benefit is someone else’s loss. So the question is not whether the returns are higher on private assets, that is just accounting but whether there will be a real benefit to the economy in terms of growth.

So can anyone provide some solid empirical evidence why you think that privatising SS will raise capital accumulation and growth? Basically many ,probably the majority of, economists are highly skeptical of that.
Considering the vastly higher transaction costs of private accounts and also the risks involved I would say that the burden of proof lies firmly with those advocating privatization that growth would be significantly higher. Frankly they haven’t done that and instead chosen to hide behind irrelevant arguments about the higher return on stocks.

that if we assume that investors in private accounts are taking their own risks, then there is no benefit to funneling the money through the govt in the first place.

We might just as well allow individuals to opt out of a portion of the payroll tax in exchange for reduced future benefits and call it good.

I submit that there is just no formulation of SS with privatization that isn’t inferior to a similarly formulated SS with the privatization removed.

Yes, such a system would be good for me and many others. But, it would be terrible to allow freedom to choice to individuals! What could I have been thinking? :frowning:

out of curiosity, have you read the article that Kimstu posted? His second paper is exactly the point I’ve been trying (aparently unsuccessfully) to make.

Troll. I take it you are just here to score one liners then?
You could have told me before I wasted my time trying to address your points.

Good pickup Kimstu. Based on these past results, I still maintain that for a worker investing in a pool of securities, it’s very unlikely that she’d be behind after several decades. Tejota’s concern, that she might “lose her shirt” is totally unsupported by historical experience.

It’s a part of Bush’s plan. It does have the advantage of starting gradually, which is safer.

Note that one big argument for partial privatization is that someone who dies young has some money in the account to leave to his family. This feature is particularly valuable to Blacks, since they have shorter average life spans.

That’s what makes horse races. You can keep your entire contribution in SS and I’ll opt for privatization on my portion. (That is, I would if I could; under Bush’s proposal I’m too old to participate in privatization.)

This is why I’m not a liberal any more. Liberals say, “People are stupid; it’s better if the government makes decisions for them.” Conservatives say, “Government policy is often based on politics. Even well-designed programs are based on broad averages that will not fit actual individual families, so it’s better for people to make their own decisions.”

You answered your own question.

Yes, I have now skimmed the article. It doesn’t look correct to me for at least two reasons;

  1. I think it’s preposterous to pay attention to some 75-year projection of the stock market – especially an estimated rate of return that’s a tiny fraction of historical rates of return. Nobody knows what the stock market will do next month, let alone 75 years from now.

  2. His analysis ignores the most salient fact about the SS system, which is that the ratio of retirees to workers will decline dramatically over the next decades. This change in thet so-called “replacement ratio” makes his discussion of the implcit return within SS appear ignorant. John Mueller is not an actuary, and his article shows the lack of specific knowledge.

However, I guess reasonable people can disagree about far future projections of complex technical matters…

Might as well say that reasonable people can disagree about conservation of energy. In my field, if you have a theory or projection that doesn’t satisfy conservation of energy, then it doesn’t matter how clever you are. you are wrong.

It’s kind of like having a trump card. Conservation of energy must be addressed your theory is invalid on its face.

The point is just as simple as that and just as forceful. Privatization either increases GNP, or it’s net result is is to move weath from one place to the other. There simply is no other option.

You’ve made no argument to show how privatization increases GNP. Until you have, you are violating ‘conservation of wealth’ and your arguments can be assumed to be wrong.

Try again. Don’t skim this time. Instead think.

tj

Me: <<<“Treasury Bonds bought with Social Security contributions
crowd out private investment almost by definition”>>

CyberPundit:

<<<LOL. You are joking, right?>>>

Opportunity costs. Look into it.

Or is it your position that diverting a worker’s wages to Social Security–and thence to government spending–do not decrease the number of dollars available for investment?

Explain to me how forcibly stripping 14% off the top of a man’s paycheck does NOT crowd out dollars available for private investment.

Not quite so simple … You want to invest retirement money in the stock market, by all means go ahead. You can put up to $10,500 a year in a 401K (or most people can, or something equivalent) and still put another $2000 per year in a Roth IRA. That’s what I am doing. That’s freedom of choice and I think it’s a great idea.

However, I also think it is a good idea to have some sort of system like SS that will provide a guaranteed, albeit not terribly large, income for all retired people…independent of such issues as how wise they are with their finances (especially since it is those who are the least wise who will probably need it the most). Not only is it smart for them, but it is smart for the rest of us who would otherwise either end up supporting them or watching them pathetically beg us for money on the streets.

“Explain to me how forcibly stripping 14% off the top of a man’s paycheck does NOT crowd out
dollars available for private investment.”
Simple and I have already explained it once. When you tax a dollar only that portion of it which would have been saved is reduced from private investment.Given current US savings rates that is a just a few cents for every dollar. OTOH every dollar of surplus that the government runs adds to the total savings in the economy.

Besides the 14% tax is just a transfer to someone else. The recipient could just as easily save what he gets. Tranfer payments aren’t a part of the government share of GDP,so they don’t really reduce private savings directly.

Economics and actuarial science aint physics. In my field, one is making very long term financial and economic projections that will be influenced by innumerable factors. Furthermore our models are by no means adequate to explain the impact of all possible factors.

I’m sure you’re aware that leading economists can have wildly differing views – e.g. Keynes vs. Milton Friedman. You probably don’t know that there has been a serious debate between two former Chief Actuaries of SSA as to how big future payout and income will be. The essense of thier disagreement revolves around the relationship between increase in average weekly wage vs. inflation over the next 75 years. The difference between these two figures means a difference of $ trillions in SS solvency. It should be clear that any such 75-year estimate must be quite uncertain.

I have made no such argument nor (I hope) have I made any such claim. My opinion is that partial privatization of SS would fit into a strructure of many other changes in tax, savings, investments, etc. I don’t claim to be able to predict their overall impact.

However, I do not accpt the theory that these things will automatically have no impact on the overall economy, with the precision of the law of conservation of energy. BTW I still hope you can find Greenspan’s actual quote.

Let me be clear. Fixing SS and voluntary investment accounts are separate issues. SS can be fixed without such accounts by big reductions in benefits and/or increases in assessments. I expect this to happen over a period of years.

It’s also feasible to make investment accounts a part of SS.

I am struck at the reversal in roles. Conservatives want to make a gradual change in the system; liberals want to maintain the status quo. :slight_smile:
[/QUOTE]

I don’t necessarily disagree with you, but it’s noteworthy how ignorant you (and rest of us) are in taking this broad position. E.g., here are some questions that we don’t know the answer to:

  1. What is the impact of OASDI assessments on the income of young working people? How does this impact vary by state? By income group? By race? E.g., how any couples defer having children because of SS? How many have a bad quality of life because of SS?

  2. Without SS, more parents could afford to stay home with their children. Which parents would stay home? Would this result in reduced crime?

  3. What’s the impact of encouraging people to work at certain ages and retire at certain ages? E.g., there are financial incentives in SS to work to age 65. Are these incentives what we want for all individuals?

  4. What sor ot alternate private savings system would evlove in the absense of SS?

  5. IIRC the average SS recipient is wealthier than the averge worker paying in. Is it OK to have a program that transfers wealth from the poor to the rich (on average)?

My point is, it’s easy to support broad policy, when we don’t look at the individual impacts on all the people affected. That’s one reason why many well-intended federal programs have been counter-productive in practice.

“Without SS, more parents could afford to stay home with their children”
This is debatable. There are two effects ; an income effect and a substitution effect and they go in opposite directions. The irony about this argument is that it contratdicts the supply-side argument that lower marginal rates will increase the supply of labour. In fact when economists looked at what happened after the tax cuts of the 80’s, they found the increase in labour supply was modest but what little there was mostly women encouraged by lower taxes to move into the labour force.

“Is it OK to
have a program that transfers wealth from the poor to the rich (on average)?”
Eh? Where do you get this? The truth is almost exactly the opposite. There is a substantial subsidy for poor people who get more than what they put in. Moving to a privatised system reduces this subsidy.

I am kindoff confused about why you want privatization if you don’t have arguments or evidence that it will raise GDP growth. As we have said the costs of privatization in terms of transaction costs, transition costs and higher risk are pretty certain and fairly large but the benefits are at best completely speculative. This is hardly a balance that suggests that a revolutionary policy is appropriate.

The privatization boosters probably realize this which is why you never hear giving concrete arguments about why privatization will raise GDP growth but instead make wholly misleading and specious comparisons about how the return on stocks is higher than the “return” on SS.

Depends on how you look at it. Looked at over a lifetime, CP is correct. However, looked at at a point in time, the people paying in are poorer (on average) than the people getting benefits.

Note that the lifetime viewpoint is problematic because most people’s income level change over their lifetimes. E.g, I was in the bottom 20% when my first child was born in 1966, and I’m in the top 20% now. In a sense I’m not the same person. Poor December paid SS assessments in 1966 while Rich December will receive benfits starting in 2007.

I support privatization for the same reason I support abortion rights; it gives individuals more choices to control their own lives. That should lead to more freedom and a higher quality of life.

IMHO privatization isn’t a big deal and it isn’t a big risk. Just last year my company had a big expansion in 401k investment alternatives. I didn’t find the change “revolutionary.” Same thing for voluntary partial privatization of SS.

I don’t consider this specious. A retiree could expect to get a considerably bigger retirement amount if she had put a part of her SS payment into stocks. I believe that reform advocates have figures to prove this.

“Note that the lifetime viewpoint is problematic because most people’s income level change
over their lifetimes.”
This is hardly that problematic. Just look at the average income of the person. On average the people with lower average income are subsidised. I don’t see why you should just look at a snapshot picture when SS is after all a lifetime programme.

                "I support privatization for the same reason I support abortion rights; it gives individuals
                more choices to control their own lives."

Well if privatization doesn’t increase GDP growth ( and there isn’t much evidence it will) then retirees will on average be worse off because of the higher transactions costs of private accounts. Lower income significantly reduces the choices that retirees have and this will especially be the case with poorer retirees.

“A retiree could expect to get a considerably bigger
retirement amount if she had put a part of her SS payment into stocks.”
As we have repeted many times: if GDP growth isn’t increased we can be pretty sure that the higher returns for some must be balanced out by lower returns for others. That much isn’t debatable, it’s just arithmetic. The only debate is about if privatization increases growth. Talking about the higher returns on stocks without giving evidence of higher growth is therefore completely misleading.

december replied to me: *“Moreover, many people are not in fact very good assessors of risk […]”

This is why I’m not a liberal any more. Liberals say, “People are stupid; it’s better if the government makes decisions for them.”*

december, how the hell do you get that interpretation out of what I actually said? I simply stated the simple fact that many people are not very good assessors of risk, which an examination of the broad spectrum of real-life investment decisions abundantly confirms, and cited Odean’s study showing statistical evidence of that. In other words, many people are going to make bad investment decisions. That’s not an insult or a pessimistic view of humanity, okay? That’s simply a rational assessment of what actually happens in the world. Because that assessment diminishes the expected performance of the privatized system that you’re in favor of, you try to dismiss it as some kind of “liberal” philosophical prejudice that “people are stupid.”

Sheeeyit, december, I used to think it was the conservatives who were supposed to be the rational, level-headed realists who were willing to face the facts. More and more, arguments like yours are persuading me that some conservatives are, on the contrary, primarily anti-government fantasists to whom facts are much less important than ideology.

*“And this helps how? It’s true that bonds tend to be much safer investments than stocks, […]”

You answered your own question.*

And you signally failed to answer the rest of it. I.e., bonds also have a much lower average rate of return, so if you’re advocating a privatized system limited to bonds, what does that do to the improved results that a privatized system is supposed to provide? And since bonds have also had negative rates of return over long periods, how much increased security can you actually expect in exchange for that decrease in profitability?

Honestly, december, your whole set of arguments here seems to be an incoherent muddle of contradictory points tossed out separately to counter individual objections but incapable of being coordinated into a self-consistent whole. When you want to argue that a privatized system will make more money, you point to the high rates of return from stocks: when you want to argue that it won’t be intolerably risky, you claim that the privatized investments will be limited to bonds. You talk about average rates of return on investment, and when other people point out that many investors don’t do as well as the average, you accuse them of thinking people are stupid. When we point out that SS has higher security and lower overhead than a privatized system, you complain that we’re denying people freedom of choice. You consider it “preposterous” for anyone to try make long-term market forecasts because “nobody knows what the stock market will do”, while confidently asserting that stock investments over several decades will be profitable. You talk about the financial burden on poor people of paying SS taxes while completely ignoring the fact that in the absence of (income-redistributive) SS, poor people would have to shoulder the bigger burden of maintaining adequate retirement savings. You talk about the “average” relative incomes of SS contributors and recipients without indicating what kind of average you mean, obscuring the fact that it could be a relatively small number of rich recipients skewing the numbers.

In short, december, on this topic you appear to be saying any damn thing that pops into your head, with no concern for the logical consequences of any one of your statements with respect to any other. Phooey.

An actuarial joke describes a person who drowned crossing a stream that was 3 feet deep on average.

In 1966 I had a low income and a child to support. The SS assessments were a significant financial hardship. In 2007, SS will give me retirement income that I won’t need. To describe the programme as working well for me “on average” seems to be missing the point.

No, there is no doubt that an individual with a private account will be better off if the stock market performs as it has in the past.

Knowing arithmetic doesn’t make someone an expert economist. And repeating something many times doesn’t prove it. I’m still waiting for the full Greenspan quote.

A similar argument to yours could “prove” that leaving money in the mattress is just as good for the overall economy as investing it in a mutual fund. Then, a corollary would be that taking money out of the mattress and investing it in a mutual fund must result in lower returns for others. What’s wrong with this picture?

december: *In 1966 I had a low income and a child to support. The SS assessments were a significant financial hardship. In 2007, SS will give me retirement income that I won’t need. *

So are you saying that without SS, in 1966 you would simply have used more of your money on your current expenses and relied on an unspecified future increase in wealth to take care of your retirement planning? Would that plan have turned out very well if you had been god-forbid injured or otherwise incapacitated before you achieved your increase in wealth? Do you recommend such a retirement investment strategy for most people who feel burdened by their payroll taxes, in particular for those in lower-paying professions who are not likely to see such an increase in wealth over their working lifetimes? This idea that SS taxes are a dreadful burden on the working poor that the absence of SS would somehow genuinely remove, instead of just shifting it to another kind of burden for retirement planning, seems pretty chimerical.

“To
describe the programme as working well for me “on average” seems to be missing the
point.”
A small minority of the poor might be hurt by SS. You haven’t given any evidence of the magnitude of the problem apart from your own experience. The majority of the poor are not because of the redistribution. I think “average” is highly relevant to judging any programme. If 1% of the poor are hurt by SS and 99% are helped you think that is a good reason to junk SS?
“Knowing arithmetic doesn’t make someone an expert economist”
No, but no valid economic proposition can break elementary rules of arithmetic. If you think otherwise would you care to provide a counter-example?

Perhaps you can also explain how if GDP growth isn’t increased then some people can earn a higher income without a corresponding decrease of income for other people. It’s simply not possible. You can’t create something out of nothing. Do you really need a Greenspan quote to understand this?

I won’t even bother with your example since I don’t have a clue about what the point is. If GDP growth isn’t increased by people putting their money in mutual funds as compared to their mattresses then indeed we are in a zero-sum game.