Funny, I was just reading about this sort of thing last night!
One of my favorite reference books, The People’s Almanac, has been at my bedside recently, and from the section ‘Sports Immortals’: (The following is my own paraphrasing)
The Pedestrian - Edward Payson Weston began his walking career by losing a bet in 1861. As a result, he had to walk from Boston to Washington, D.C., in ten consecutive days, and had to arrive in time for the inauguration of the new president. (Lincoln)
At 1:00 PM, February 22, he began from Boston’s State House. Followed by horse-drawn carriges, the diminutive (5’7"-130 lbs.) 22-year-old covered the first five miles in just 47 minutes, settling into a 3-3/4 mph pace after that.
He was in New York on the 27th. He got to the Capitol building at 5:00 PM in a driving rain. He missed the actual swearing-in, but managed to attend the Inaugural Ball.
He then turned pro. Six day races were popular at the time, and he became quite a contender. Soon he was taking private challenges.
On Oct. 29, 1867, Weston left Portland Maine for Chicago. To win $10,000 he covered the distance in less than 26 days.
In 1907, at the age of 68, and after years of similar competitions and bets, he covered the Portland-Chicago route again, but walking a trail 19 miles longer than the first, and bettering his time of 40 years prior by 29 hours!
For his 70th birthday, he walked from NYC to San Francisco, in 104 days, 7 hours, covering 3,895 miles. The following year he returned to New York, this time from from Los Angeles, in 76 days, 23 hours, ten minutes. (This ‘shorter’ route was 3,600 miles.)
He spent the last two years of his life in a wheelchair, however. Ironically, he was struck by a car in Brooklyn whilst walking across the street.