marking one's territory

hello.

i have a question about dogs, and their peeing habits. namely, do dogs mark territory individually, or by-the-pack?

so there’s no confusion, I’m not asking if wild dogs all pee on the same tree at once.

but if beta male pees on a tree, does the rest of the pack smell it and go “Oh sweet- another tree claimed by Packalicious!”? that would be marking by the pack.

on the other hand is individual marking. in which any dog would re-cover the piss spot to claim it as their own. or perhaps only higher-ranking members (a la pecking order).

so which is it?

thanks,
jb