I have occasionally had a reaction to some foods that I finally decided was caused by sulfiting agents or naturally occurring sulfites. It’s never been close to life threatening, just a little shortness of breath, so I haven’t stopped eating anything because of it. Onions, garlic, and soy sauce are all likely to be high in naturally occurring sulfites.
I am sorry but some misinformation requires a response.
Glutamate, including free glutamate, is found in nature … commonly. We have taste buds that specifically respond to it and several other small molecules (unami).
When people are routinely shooting up MSG in large amounts under their skin or directly applying it into their brains the studies quoted will be of interest.
Meanwhile the answer to the op is a clear no, there is no evidence that MSG in food causes any brain damage and only anecdotal evidence of rare reactions such as migraines, which could very well be due to other ingredients common to Asian foods since the same people often do not complain that other high free glutamate foods (including potatoes, as already noted) cause such.
From my limited and under-educated point of view, MSG don’t do nothin’ to nobody. Symptoms attributed to MSG are most likely due to something else entirely. Considering half the western world now seems to think gluten is deadly, even though it is only to a vanishingly tiny group, we all seem to leap on the trendy cause-du-jour to explain the weird twinges our bodies kick back at us. Even me. I have been assuming I have gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and IBS based on very limited and ambiguous symptoms. I don’t know nothin’.
You might have been right, though. The Greeks seem to have called it something other than garum.
For a long time now, my best guess has been that it must be dose-related.
I continue to believe that I have unpleasant reactions (described above) to MSG in sufficiently large doses. I don’t have any problem with prepared foods (like canned soup or Hamburger Helper, e.g.) or potatoes or cheese, nor at Chinese restaurants that clearly say “No MSG” on their windows or menus.
I have heard that some Chinese restaurants use MSG by the barrelful, whatever that might mean. The implication is that some restaurants shovel in some massive amount of the stuff. I have always figured that it’s this that causes problems for me.
I’d be somewhat surprised. I use MSG fairly regularly in my cooking. It’s a bit like salt in that when you overuse it, it can render a dish inedible, and a little goes a pretty long way.