If the amniotic sac breaks at 36 weeks or greater and contractions have begun, then labor and delivery will proceed.
If the amniotic sac breaks at 36 weeks or greater and contractions have not begun, then labor will be induced. The risk of infection is the biggest worry here and the odds of infection are high. It is better to deliver a 36 week infant that is healthy than it is to deliver a 36 week infant who has delveloped an infection from a prolonged, premature rupture of membranes (PPROM).
At 35 weeks, whether labor is induced or not will depend on the facility where one reports in. Many hospitals cannot manage an infant of less than 36 weeks gestation. If one is at a facility that can manage a 35-36 week gestation infant, then that facility may try to get another week out of the pregnancy.
Before 35 weeks, the pregnancy will attempt to be prolonged. I’ve attended women with PPROM as early as 17 weeks gestation. When the bag of water breaks this early, the outcome for the fetus is often poor. Babies need amniotic fluid for symmetrical growth and lung development.
Without fluid, the fetus is compressed and suffers a condition called “Potter’s Syndrome” or “Potter’s Facies”. They may have contractures of the limbs from an inability to move in-utero. Compression in utero also risks damage to the umbilical cord which would normally be floating around in fliud. The cord may bend or kink, disrupting toe flow of blood to the infant- a true obstetric emergency.
They will most likely have hyposplastic lungs. (If you opened a package of balloons and tried toblow one up, you would find that ballonn to be very stiff and difficult to inflate. You might stretch it a few times to loosen it up.) Hypoplastic lungs cannot be ventilated well using a respiratory ventilator. They are stiff and tend to rupture rather than inflate leading to rupture and bleeding.)
With a PPROM between about 17 and 22 weeks, we would honor the wishes of the family. If they wish to preserve the pregnancy, we will try! If they wish to terminate and try again (or not) later on, we will assist.
Any patient we get that is above 24 weeks (viability) but below 36 weeks will be admitted for infection monitoring and delivered when infection begins to set in or at the 36th week, whichever comes first.