I think many of these examples are not as straightforward as you think:
I’m not sure where you got “long term acute care hospital,” but it’s an oxymoron. What we tend to think of as a plain old hospital is an acute care hospital. Anyone who needs long term care, including recuperative care as opposed to ongoing care, goes to a long-term care facility, also known as a nursing home. You find a lot of old people in nursing homes, but you also find young people who need long-term care in them. People who are expected to improve to the point of regaining independence, even if they may be in the facility for up to a year are usually in “Rehabilitative (Rehab) Centers.” A lot of hospitals for veterans have large rehab centers, as opposed to acute care areas. Many hospitals that are 90% acute care do have out-patient rehab centers for people whose rehab can be accomplished as an out-patient. There are also free-standing physical therapy centers that do rehab, but people who need in-patient care usually need much more intensive care, and may also need medical care for wound healing, or other long-term healing, like of burn scars, or have amputations that need remodeling periodically, or are undergoing some experimentation, such as with implanted electrodes that control a prosthetic hand.
The reason sanitoriums don’t exist is that they were entirely palliative, providing recuperative care to people who had illnesses that left them very weak-- illnesses that either are no longer serious because of antibiotics, such as strep throat/scarlet fever, or are extremely rare because of vaccinations, such as diphtheria, and many forms of meningitis.
Nursing homes and rehab centers have taken over the function or sanitoriums to the extent that they are still needed, but really, they are different things, and sanitoriums don’t exist anymore. Rehab centers are relatively new, because people survive injuries that they would not have survived 100, or even 50 years ago, and so new techniques in rehab had to be developed very recently.
The poster who said that at one time any wasting disease was consumption is correct, but it is also true that in the 20th century, before the development of antibiotics, consumption did generally refer to a chronic infection with pulmonary TB. There were three possible outcomes for people who got pulmonary TB: death, complete recovery, or chronic infection. If it became a chronic illness, it was referred to as “consumption.”
Asperger’s syndrome was a specific set of symptoms that was considered a subtype of autism. There were other named subtypes, such as Kanner’s autism, and Early Infantile Autism (the “infantile” here refers to lack of speech, not babyhood). None of the subtypes, including Asperger’s are diagnosed anymore since the DSM-V was published. Now everyone has ASD, or “Autism Spectrum Disorder.”
This was renamed to emphasize that people who have it can be in any mood along a spectrum-- from pole to pole: they are not necessarily either manic or depressive, which was a common misconception due to the previous name. Sometimes even unmedicated people with bipolar disorder are neither manic nor depressed, but somewhere in between.
Shell Shock was a WWI term. The WWII term was “battle fatigue.” I think that the term changed because it happened to people who weren’t necessarily in situations where there was shelling. Any kind of over-exposure to battle conditions could cause it. “Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder” can be the result of any kind of trauma, not necessarily war. Abused children can experience it. People who were in concentration camps sometimes experienced it. I’m not actually sure when it came into currency, but at some point, someone realized that soldiers in Vietnam with battle fatigue essentially had PTSD, and so the term came to be applied to soldiers, and no special term was used for soldiers who experienced stress disorder after too much battle exposure.
“Gay” to mean homosexual, and the word homosexual itself have co-existed in English for a couple of hundred years. “Gai” to mean homosexual is a French word that is, IIRC, about 400 years old. They are simply synonyms with slightly different connotations.
