Native America

jac:

I’ll admit that I have been paying attention to other issues in the last couple years. Please provide a cite or few to elighten us to the continued harrassment of american indians & whether it qualifies as a continuation of genocide or not. I’m not looking for a fight here, I just want some details on this so we can have an informed discussion.

PumaClaw, racism & discrimination are ugly & do not contribute to the overall good of society no matter where it comes from or who it’s directed towards. The fact is that even if you stay on a reservation you’ll be interacting with people of all colors & ancestry. In most of North America, it’s probable that more than half of them will be descendants of european immigrants.

Since that immigration has gone on for about 500 years & genocide against american Indians was (fortunately) not successful, you will run into a lot of people like myself who may or may not be of mixed ancestry, but were told as small children that they are. These people will feel some kind of kinship towards american indians and try to express it. Responding to that with hatred will not promote productive interaction.

If you have some evidence that genocide against american Indians is still going on, please give us a cite.

-This was the only time I said anything about Native Americans being “total saints”. I am not using that “tactic”. I agree that it trivializes the issue a little, and I admit that now. I have also admitted that the treatment of the Indians has been horrendous. Read all of my posts. I think their is a good discussion to be had about Native Americans. I’m just upset about the rhetoric going on here.

i read your posts… that issue isn’t relevant here. we’re discussing genocide against natives, and its pervasiveness. bringing up points relating to certain things done by natives is essentially moot within the context of the thread. it only serves as a means to distract somewhat from the assertion, which some people still don’t believe. so i see no purpose in it except for subverting the debate… i’m not chewing you out again, just adding some clarification.

we could have a discussion about the misdeeds of natives. that’s not the point. the point is, not here, not now. it’s inappropriate, and yet it happens everytime the issue comes up. seems to me it’s another exercise in denial, whether people are consciously aware of that fact or not. it’s one of those apologist devices mainstream america has drilled in their heads. people should be more aware of the implications of their words.
-I understand your point, and I repeat, I was NOT trying to justify the early Americans who took part in the atrocity. That’s why I said “I am by no means justifying the early American’s”.

but you see, saying that has the same outcome. you may not think that’s what you were doing, but the effect of it is commensurate with that sentiment nonetheless. i see no other translation for villifying natives in a discussion concerning genocide committed against natives. but again, i don’t need to go into this further…

I accept your correction of my words, to be honest I was sick of the flippant attitude of Puma. I brought that point up without really considering them very carefully because my point was about Puma’s remarks, not about Native Americans. I have posted a couple of times in this thread, and the only sentence you pick out is that one. While I agree it is important, I think it’s missing the point of what I was saying to Puma. Don’t get me wrong, I stand corrected, but come on man, you talk about the implications of words, and have nothing to say to Puma??

and here’s spoke again, speaking on terms he has no real grasp of… you still didn’t even bother to learn the definition of genocide, yet you speak on it nonetheless, and throw it around with abandon. that’s reprehensible, especially given your agenda. i’ll debunk your trash post yet again…
-quote:

Nobody was killing the immigrants until they started the offensive.

Jamestown, Virginia was the first permanent English colony in America. It was also the locale of the first recorded genocidal act between English settlers and Indians.

Unfortunately for PumClaw’s argument, the genocidal attack was perpetrated by the Indians, against the settlers.
nothing you said disproved pumaclaw’s statement. read it again; “…until they started the offensive.” the tribes of the tsenacommacah did indeed attack the colonists (understanding the term ‘colonist’ and what it means is also key in understanding why any defensive against them is out of the prescribed bounds of genocide as it were. again spoke, your mastery of your personal lexicon is brilliant), but not “until [the colonists] started the offensive.”

so would you mind showing where you supposedly proved puma’s statement to be false?

your statement is racist, and i do not throw that word around as lightly nor with as poor aim as you do with genocide. it ignores the entire 15 year history prior to this incident you call genocide, one that includes a civil greeting by virginia natives, which in turn led to the jamestown colonists burning the natives’ towns, their villages, their corn fields so they would starve, killing them anywhere they could be found, driving them off their lands, and capturing them to sell as slaves… yes, surely those virginia indians should never have tried to drive those murdering thieves you call the jamestown colonists away. what must they have been thinking spoke?

i guess those incidents of true genocide (the british virginia company would later order the extermination of all powhatans, while the powhatans just wanted the colonists driven away, so that they may have what had been taken from them) mean nothing then, right spoke? it is racist to ignore that and criticize the redman for defending his life and lands against the never-ceasing avariciousness of european greed.
-On March 22, 1622, Powhatan Indians attacked the Jamestown colonists with the intent of eradicating them. From the linked site:
quote:

i will explain this again, which you ignored more than once before; had they aimed to eradicate the colonists, and even succeeded, it still would not have fit into the boundaries of what one could consider genocide. as i said before, legitimate acts of warfare are not genocidal. again your racism shows, because you must’ve thought it was ok for the colonists to keep the lands they stole and to have planned to steal more, which they were in the process of doing, and for the indians not to have defended themselves by any means necessary, especially when they were being killed and driven away. your double standards here are, again, racist. i see no way around that, especially since you refuse to understand the subjects you’re engaging in now and instead opt for only a particular translation of them which is convenient to your purposes.

-This was not the last genocidal attack by Indians against English-speaking settlers in America, and it quite possibly was not the first. (Settlers of the earlier Roanoke colony in North Carolina vanished under mysterious circumstances, and may also have been the victims of massacre.)

it was neither the last nor the first. i can think of no instances of actual genocide committed against colonizers (again, think about what that word implies, ok?). those illegally occupying indian lands were combatants, and subject to legitimate warfare to retrieve those territories… your argument is essentially that it was genocidal for the indians to defend themselves and their territory. even the u.n. recognizes the right of peoples to do as much. tell me why you do not? the only other explanation that could be is that you feel those who’d stolen lands had rights to them trumping those of the people they’d stolen it from. and, i think that says a lot about you spoke.

-Why does the subject come up? Because folks like you and PumaClaw would like to peddle the (racist) myth that only whites committed “genocidal” acts, when in fact “genocide” (using the broad definition of the term you favor) was a two-way street.

again, it actually comes up because it’s a form of holocaust denial in the americas, and that is, afterall, a favorite past-time in the states.

neither i nor puma’ has ever said anything as such that you just attributed to us, and i in fact in the last discussion said that i believed some form of genocide was committed from time to time in pre-columbian america (only the extent of that is arguable really. it wasn’t anything near what was experienced when the americas were invaded by europeans, but leave it some people to compare a clump of dirt to a mountain). but that however is not relevant to a discussion about genocide in the past 500 years. that demonstrates however that you are wont to make things up as you go along that fit best with your arguments and aren’t interested in deviating much from your set path. you ignore what’s inconvenient and improvise regarding the rest. how else would you explain attributing sentiments to people who didn’t espouse them, let alone to one who’d stated the opposite? please, don’t ignore this this time around. explain yourself on that. be a man, and show some integrity in your arguments.

-It just turned out that Europeans (and the germs they inadvertently brought with them) were better-equipped for the task.

as long as you finally admit they committed genocide here. that was your problem and mine in the last thread. you just wouldn’t admit it.

-It must be frustrating for you when folks introduce facts into the debate which undermine your implicit argument that white people (and white people alone) are intrinsically evil.

you mean like telling people what a definition to a term they were misusing, is only to find them still not using it correctly? like those kinds of facts which undermine an entire argument (e.g. your jamestown colony spiel, and your belief that genocide wasn’t committed against natives by whites)?

it’s only frustrating when people act as if they’re privy to my personal thoughts, and try and speak for me as if they were. you don’t even know my race for that matter, my culture, my ethnicity, and i’m not going to bother telling you. it’d do no good anyway. you’re intent only on thinking what’s best for you to imagine.

it’s sad you take yourself seriously here, but i see others doing the same. here is a guy who believes that europeans didn’t commit genocide against natives, but that natives committed genocide here against europeans. heh… it’s almost as if american indians invaded europe and murdered and stole and enslaved and not the converse.

some of you people are far too sensitive anyway. i think much of it is a show to avoid uncomfortable discussion. it won’t go away though.

Who’s dening it happened? Spoke doesn’t appear to from what you’ve qouted. It could be that he says so in the other thread, but it doesn’t appear to be the case here. Correct me if I’m wrong.

You accuse me of not watching my words, what’s with this “favorite past-time” nonsense?

jac wrote:

Really? The UN says it’s OK to target women and children if they may be regarded as “colonizers?”

Hmm. Guess the UN has no problem with Palestinian suicide bombers then.

Why not? It amounts to an attempt to “ethnically cleanse” the Americas. Please explain how this is not genocide.

(And they did aim to eradicate the colonists.)

I see how your game is played, though. Define “genocide” in such a way that white atrocities against Indians qualify, but Indian atrocities against whites do not.

Tell me, do you think for a minute that if roles were reversed, and if the Indian nations had possessed the means to expand into Europe, that they would have hesitated to do so? They certainly didn’t hesitate to invade their neighbors’ territories within the Americas. Warfare between tribes was a constant.

All of this is relevant to counter your implicit assertion that Indians were and are morally superior to whites. They were (and are) not. People are people. As I have said many times on these boards, we are all just good old homo sapiens sapiens, and subject to all the foibles of that species.

So deliberately targeting women and children is a legitimate act of warfare? Nice double standard you have there. It occurs to me that you would have much common ground with an al-Qaida terrorist in asserting this belief.

Not OK, perhaps, but also not worthy of genocidal response. Besides which, it would have been mighty hypocritical of the Powhatan to cry about their land being taken, considering the swath of destruction they themselves had cut against other Indian tribes. They were “colonists” in the area themselves, having taken the land from other Indians at the business end of a tomahawk.

Ah, but Indian-against-Indian atrocities are not enough to earn your rebuke, I suppose. Only when the evil whites are involved do you rail at the injustice of it. (One might think it a racist trait to decry only white violence.)

We went over all this in the earlier thread.

I normally use the dictionary definition of genocide:

Under that definition, there was no genocide against the Indians. The white settlers wanted their land. Armed conflict was not desired, but was rather incidental to the goal of grabbing land. There was no intent to exterminate.

You, on the other hand, seem to have chosen a broader definition of “genocide,” and one which allows you to apply it to white atrocities, but not to Indian atrocities. You have created a distinction without a difference, in my view.

If you want to define genocide in the broadest terms, then the word can be applied to the actions of both whites and Indians. (Shall we discuss Tecumseh’s campaign of ethnic cleansing again?)

Cite? (Too much to ask, I suppose.)

The whites did commit atrocities against the Powhatan. They did burn towns, destroy crops, etc. But they did these things after, the Jamestown Massacre. If you have cites to the contrary, please provide them.

Whites committed atrocities against Indians. Indians committed atrocities against whites (and against blacks, for that matter). An atrocity is an atrocity in my view, whether you regard it as “self defense” or not.

-Really? The UN says it’s OK to target women and children if they may be regarded as “colonizers?”

Hmm. Guess the UN has no problem with Palestinian suicide bombers then.

grow up spoke.

we weren’t talking about that. we were supposedly talking about the recognized rights of peoples to defend themselves and their territories. you had to turn it into something else… i believe i said in the last thread i think the children are the only innocents as they essentialy have no choice, and i do not advocate harming them. women are a different story entirely. i do not generally advocate harming women in those situations either, but women like that were of an age where they could well understand the implications of being on others’ lands, and so understood the consequences thereof that might occur. they were gambling, essentially. they took a chance, and some of them lost. they may not have been active combatants, but their actions are combative nonetheless. the children just get caught up in it all, and it is the parents’ fault for placing them in those situations.

-Why not? It amounts to an attempt to “ethnically cleanse” the Americas. Please explain how this is not genocide.

how many times do i have to explain it to you? i don’t think there can such a thing as ‘enough’ here. you have your beliefs…

-I see how your game is played, though. Define “genocide” in such a way that white atrocities against Indians qualify, but Indian atrocities against whites do not.

actually, you’re the one playing the games here, using a narrow definition of the word and manipulating it for your agenda. i used the true definition of the word. i even used the word’s legal definition which came from that. and i’m the one playing games, by using accepted definitions instead of abridged versions thereof? wow…

-Tell me, do you think for a minute that if roles were reversed, and if the Indian nations had possessed the means to expand into Europe, that they would have hesitated to do so?

i doubt it. why would they want to? they did not have the same goals as european colonizers did in invading the americas. they did not require slaves. they did not need gold and silver. they did not need new lands to pay anyone for wars. they did not have kingdoms who required vast swaths of land the world over to rule. they were quite content with what they had. it was a part of their cultures, their very existence. their religions. i doubt you’d have seen that.

-They certainly didn’t hesitate to invade their neighbors’ territories within the Americas. Warfare between tribes was a constant.

name two tribes who were constantly warring and give examples or shut up with your made up history.

-All of this is relevant to counter your implicit assertion that Indians were and are morally superior to whites.

show where i asserted it and not yourself doing as much in my place.

-So deliberately targeting women and children is a legitimate act of warfare? Nice double standard you have there.

no, and yes. i’ve explained numerous times in different posts about children, and again about the women… it is legitimate in the sense that they are illegally occupying territories that are not theres, often that were taken from others. when those ‘others’ try to obtain what is theirs back from the perpetrators, any means they use to do so is legitimate… i do not consider warfare against noncombatants generally as legitimate however. listen to my words instead of immediately finding ways to contort them.

-It occurs to me that you would have much common ground with an al-Qaida terrorist in asserting this belief.

or an 18th century u.s. terrorist. either way, not much difference. buncha religious fanatics trying to justify the destruction they’ve caused, which is what you’re doing as well.

-Not OK, perhaps, but also not worthy of genocidal response.

legitimate acts of warfare (i.e. defending your life and the lives of others as well as your property from invaders) is never considered genocide. this is pretty friggin’ absurd we have to go over this repeatedly.

-Besides which, it would have been mighty hypocritical of the Powhatan to cry about their land being taken, considering the swath of destruction they themselves had cut against other Indian tribes. They were “colonists” in the area themselves, having taken the land from other Indians at the business end of a tomahawk.

name one tribe they took the land from (the powhatan you speak of were actually a confederacy of numerous tribes, all with long histories in the area). if you cannot name one tribe they supposedly took the land from, then again, shut up. i’m tired of hearing your little nonsensical ventures into imagined bits of history. offer some kind of proof or retract your statement.

-Ah, but Indian-against-Indian atrocities are not enough to earn your rebuke, I suppose. Only when the evil whites are involved do you rail at the injustice of it. (One might think it a racist trait to decry only white violence.)

i think you only keep trying to shove these non-arguments in our faces because something about the topic makes you too uncomfortable. let that be your problem and stop trying to make it mine or someone else’s.
-We went over all this in the earlier thread.

you ignored it.

-I normally use the dictionary definition of genocide:

quote:

The systematic and planned extermination of an entire national, racial, political, or ethnic group.

explain why your definition is more relevant than mine. keep in mind, one i gave was the original definition, the other, the legal definition and the one commonly accepted. explain why what dictionary.com says is more relevant.
-Under that definition, there was no genocide against the Indians. The white settlers wanted their land. Armed conflict was not desired, but was rather incidental to the goal of grabbing land. There was no intent to exterminate.

denial… whether there was intent or not, extermination happened. i’m sure it was indeed all unintentional though. i mean, what need could they have possibly had by doing away with indians. i can’t think of a one… it was planned and very intentional in most instances. if you don’t think native peoples were exterminated, tell me then, where today are the niantics, the wappingers, the natchez, the timucuans, the tekesta, the coosa, the yamasse, the patuxet, the nauset, the massachuset, the mosopelea, the oconee, the waccamaw, the moneton, the susquehannock, the nottoway, the pocumtuc, the canarsee, the manhattans, the massapequa, the nantucket, the eno, the potomac, the offuskee, the hackensack, the podunk, the nottaway, the pedee, the woccon, the apalachee, the calusa, the cheraw, the mobile, the guale, the pennacook… what happened to them and hundreds of others? did they go on vacation spoke?

under even that definition there was genocide. but nothing will suffice for the willingly stupid.

-You, on the other hand, seem to have chosen a broader definition of “genocide,” and one which allows you to apply it to white atrocities, but not to Indian atrocities. You have created a distinction without a difference, in my view.

the difference is simple, and i’ll reiterate again for you; it is impossible for warfare, no matter how brutal and grotesque, to fall under the definition of ‘genocide’ when those whom it is aimed at are illegitimate combatants (meaning, for instance, those who are illegally occupying stolen lands, etc.). that’s not what the term genocide was meant for. it wasn’t meant to be applicable in every instance of combat or warfare, nor only for those types of things either. if you’d bother reading lemkin’s works, you’d get a better perspective. i don’t think you care for one though, since the one you have now works so well for you.

-If you want to define genocide in the broadest terms, then the word can be applied to the actions of both whites and Indians. (Shall we discuss Tecumseh’s campaign of ethnic cleansing again?)
i guess we should because you still don’t get it. you don’t even know who tecumseh was, you just heard his name in passing on some website. he was pretty much the antithesis of the type of indian you tried to portray him as. don’t come at me with your search engine erudition bullsh*t and try and compare that with actual research and knowledge of this particular subject. how many books have you read on tecumseh? how many people have you talked to about tecumseh? how many original documents have you seen? you know, president harrison didn’t call him an ‘uncommon genius’ for nothing, and people, his enemies included, didn’t admire him for nothing either. it certainly had nothing to do with lies about his instructing people to kill settlers or rip “unborn babies” out of pregnant mothers… you just don’t know when to quit.
-Cite? (Too much to ask, I suppose.)

is it too much to ask of you to have a working understanding of the things you talk about?

-The whites did commit atrocities against the Powhatan. They did burn towns, destroy crops, etc. But they did these things after, the Jamestown Massacre. If you have cites to the contrary, please provide them.

it’s common history. you’re actually this unaware of the subject matter you’re speaking on? damn… do your own research, preferably outside of just what you find on the 'net.

here: http://www.patc.net/history/native/ind_hist.html

even if the settlers had not attacked them, what rights do you imagine they had of landing in virginia and settling in the first in lands that weren’t theirs? that alone is a defiant gesture worthy of retribution through attacks. you act like those colonizers had a right to everything they laid their sights on. imagine that. no wonder you think indians defending themselves against whites is genocidal. how dare they

-Whites committed atrocities against Indians. Indians committed atrocities against whites (and against blacks, for that matter). An atrocity is an atrocity in my view, whether you regard it as “self defense” or not.

some atrocities are genocidal. your insistance on denying genocide against natives is reprobate and unmerited given every bit of historical information out there to illustrate what happened. keep ignoring, but don’t get excited when people call you exactly what you are for doing as much.

-Who’s dening it happened? Spoke doesn’t appear to from what you’ve qouted. It could be that he says so in the other thread, but it doesn’t appear to be the case here. Correct me if I’m wrong.

well, i hope you got a good read of his post. he thinks natives committed genocide against whites for having the audacity to defend themselves and their territory, but doesn’t think europeans committed genocide against indians in taking those things, lives and land, from them… what can i say. that’s just nuts.

-You accuse me of not watching my words, what’s with this “favorite past-time” nonsense?

because denial of genocide, like white-supremacy, does seem to be a favorite past-time in america. just like sunday drives and baseball.

-I accept your correction of my words, to be honest I was sick of the flippant attitude of Puma. I brought that point up without really considering them very carefully because my point was about Puma’s remarks, not about Native Americans. I have posted a couple of times in this thread, and the only sentence you pick out is that one. While I agree it is important, I think it’s missing the point of what I was saying to Puma. Don’t get me wrong, I stand corrected, but come on man, you talk about the implications of words, and have nothing to say to Puma??

maybe i didn’t find it necessary to address every other point you made. that one stood out to me though, so i hit on it. don’t know what else to tell ya.

i will say this on puma’… it’s funny sometimes how perceptions can be altered so much by a mere change in medium. i don’t know if any of you have people you know in real life who post here and there on the web, but if you do, sit back and imagine what you’d think, what you’d say… how you’d react if you didn’t know them in real life. if you didn’t know where they were coming from. i’ve had those experiences and it’s intriguing and eye-opening… to most of those people, just knowing them in person changed everything, but had i not, i know our conversations on sites like this would’ve gone about much differently. and i would’ve been certain i was right and knew what i was talking about.

i don’t know puma’ in real life, like you do a best friend, or someone you went to school with, but i do know where he’s coming from. i know where you all are coming from as well, and i’ll grant you the right to that viewpoint while disagreeing with it. i just think many of you took things in a way that wasn’t intended, and it spiraled out of control from there. it all goes back to perception, and in an impersonal medium, there are sometimes problems you just have to accept in communicating that otherwise might not show in more intimate discourse.

Considering the status of women at the time ( especially in Jamestown, which in some ways was virtually a penal colony ), I consider this to be a little generous in terms of assigning them control over their own fates. But regardless the killing of “civilians” ( whether by whites of Indians or whoever ) seems pretty much outside an acceptable pale to me.

Myriad examples of this really, though detaching them from the historical context of European intrusion is difficult ( a great deal of Indian violence in colonial times can legitimately be called European mediated, as with the Beaver Wars between the Iroquois and Huron/Illinois/etc. or the Chippewa/Lakota struggles ), pre-colonial accounts of geopolitics being as scarce as they are.

However native oral history does directly attest to constant internecine conflict among the constituent members of the pre-confederacy Iroquois, before they were united by the Deganawiddah and Hiawatha. Similarly, the constant raiding and counter-raiding between the Cherokee and Iroquois doesn’t seem to be as directly related to the fur economy, but more simply a matter of old antagonisms.

Again, plenty of European-mediated examples, like the westward expansion of the Chippewa pushing the Lakota on to the Great Plains ( who pushed out the Arikara who were directly in their path, who had earlier been pushed north by the Omaha and Iowa ).

However for a pre-European example we can indded turn to Powhatan:

Although Powhatan’s private life was very different from that of European rulers, in his rise to power and the qualities he needed to achieve he bore a strong resemblance to the heads of certain families that became “royal” in earlier times on the other side of the Atlantic. Powhatan inherited a nucleus of six district chiefdoms, located along or near the fall line in the James and York River valleys. The date of his accession is unknown, but he took as his “throne name” the name of his natal town, Powhatan. From that frontier nucleus he increased his possessions, working eastward and northward and using persuasive intimidation when possible, force when necessary. He is known to have conquered the Kecoughtans at the mouth of the James by military action in 1596 or 1597. Sometime around the time that Jamestown was founded, he exterminated the Chesapeakes in what is now the city of Virginia Beach. Both had been holdouts who would neither agree to pay him tribute nor knuckle under militarily. The Chickahominy tribe, located near Powhatan’s original inheritance, continued to hold out successfully because of their large and fierce body of warriors. By 1608, when Captain John Smith explored Chesapeake Bay, all the native people of eastern Virginia, including the Virginia Eastern Shore, considered themselves at least nominally under Powhatan’s sway-except for the Chickahominies.
Emphasis mine - From here:

http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/naind/html/na_031100_powhatan.htm

  • Tamerlane

sorry i didn’t get this sooner…

-I’ll admit that I have been paying attention to other issues in the last couple years. Please provide a cite or few to elighten us to the continued harrassment of american indians & whether it qualifies as a continuation of genocide or not. I’m not looking for a fight here, I just want some details on this so we can have an informed discussion.

let me just give you examples from a half century ago to about the mid '70’s, which many i assume on here were alive and around for…

termination is a big one. around 1950 on through to the earliest part of the 1960’s, over 100 tribal groups had their status terminated. many of them were targeted so their lands could be exploited, whether it be for minerals, water rights, timber, etc. this probably does not sound so terrible to people on the surface, but if you get much into it, you’ll understand why the national congress of american indians considered it the greatest threat to indian survival since the military campaigns of the 1800’s.

the gov. was also allowing companies to come into to reservations and basically do as they pleased, with no regard for the indians’ welfare. they would often pillage and then leave, with the messes they made being left up to no one in particular. whether it was strip mining, uranium mining, chemical leaks, nuclear accidents, subjecting indians to things like radioactive lands and water, and so on and so forth, indians’ general well-being was disregarded. the environments were also tainted oftentimes, which just exacerbates a problem that was bad enough as it were.

it was also ‘outed’ in the 70’s that the indian health service had been involuntarily sterilizing women for some time. i believe in total, nearly 40% of indian women of child-bearing age were sterilized. that’s deplorable, yet there’s nothing made of it.

it goes on, and today many things some might not consider genocidal, including policies and whatnot, very much are in their nature. it’s not as bad though, but it shouldn’t even be a question of how bad it is; none of it should be going on, period. you would probably have to be involved in indian issues and be up on current events to know what i speak of now when i say in some forms it’s still going on. either way, it certainly didn’t end long ago.

-Since that immigration has gone on for about 500 years & genocide against american Indians was (fortunately) not successful

i would count it as largely a success, unfortunately. many nations disappeared entirely, and of those who are left, not one hasn’t felt the effects of colonization, whether it be a loss of language, culture, traditions, people… whatever. it’s reverberated through the ages, and not a one escaped. some just faired better than others.

-Considering the status of women at the time ( especially in Jamestown, which in some ways was virtually a penal colony ), I consider this to be a little generous in terms of assigning them control over their own fates.

there, i wasn’t speaking entirely only of the jamestown colonists, but colonists elsewhere who might’ve been targeted by indians… i understand that many of the women were subserviant to their husbands and more or less did as told, but that does not mean that they couldn’t have chosen otherwise. it was merely the easiest, and probably most understandable scenario for them. they were however capable of understanding the implications of being colonizers on others’ lands, as were many other frontiersman and women in other parts of the country.

-But regardless the killing of “civilians” ( whether by whites of Indians or whoever ) seems pretty much outside an acceptable pale to me.

why? what did you expect the indians to do, invite them over for coffee and kindly ask them to leave their territory? these settlers wouldn’t even obey their own peoples’ laws and obviously did not care about the rights of natives. so, what other recourse might there have been?
-Myriad examples of this really, though detaching them from the historical context of European intrusion is difficult ( a great deal of Indian violence in colonial times can legitimately be called European mediated, as with the Beaver Wars between the Iroquois and Huron/Illinois/etc. or the Chippewa/Lakota struggles ), pre-colonial accounts of geopolitics being as scarce as they are.

i think he was alluding to pre-columbian tribes… the pre-confederacy haudenosaunee (iroquois) are actually a pretty good example. i will retract that on those nations alone… they were not however a belligerent people by nature. blood feuds from each clan caused the revenge killings between nations. generally though, native nations did not engage in much warfare. earlier remarks of colonists commented on this even. at jamestown, they remarked how indians may fight seven years and not kill seven men (which directly conflicts with spoke’s statements that those vriginia tribes were constantly fighting), and similar sentiments were heard in new england. in fact, evidence of bones from pre-columbian america show that fighting had increased substantially after european invasion.

-Again, plenty of European-mediated examples, like the westward expansion of the Chippewa pushing the Lakota on to the Great Plains ( who pushed out the Arikara who were directly in their path, who had earlier been pushed north by the Omaha and Iowa ).

we were speaking here solely of the powhatan confederacy and his belief that the land they were on had been taken from others which there is no evidence of… yes, i read the piece from below you quoted, and i’ll look into it some later. his particular contention and my rebuttal did not deal with expansionism which is what is pointed to below, but rather, his belief was that the powhatans, whom he probably imagined were one tribe, had gone in to their own homeland around tidewater virginia and taken it at some point from others. there’s no evidence of that, and in all likelihood, being speakers of an algonquian dialect, they’d always been there in some form.

I think you go to far with comments like this one. White-supremacy? Really? Sheesh.

The master speaks

Really makes this thread read quicker if, like me, you simply scroll past the messages from posters who can’t be bothered to adhere to such meaningless conventions as capitalization.

**For a military to slaughter off women and children is usually also not viewed as conquering.Sampiro, your poor grasp on history is appalling. **

Thank God I didn’t go with my initial plan to ask you to serve on my dissertation defense committee or I might not have gotten my degrees.

But why defend myself further when, once again, I am outed. I really am a genocidal racist and damn you, Puma, you found out my plan! I just hope that Martha Stewart will give me a refund on those 3 million smallpox ridden blankets I’d bought as a peace offering and Dubya will forgive me for having to take that innoculation in vain.

So, if all whites are genocidal racists, is it safe to assume that all Indians really are substance abusing simpletons who’ll trade land and mineral rights for shiny objects? (I don’t understand people who hate stereotypes, because they save so much time in actually having to read several sides of an issue or the frustration of having to accept that there are no easy answers.)

AND TO THINK I’D HAVE GOTTEN AWAY WITH IT IF IT WEREN’T FOR YOU MEDDLING DOPERS!

Sampiro wrote:

Yes. But don’t forget that we’ll want the stuff we gave you back. :smiley:

I said I couldn’t tolerate bad history, and I can’t…even when I’m the one spouting it. I wrote the following:

I had some nagging doubt on this one (which is why I asked for cites from jac) so I went back and checked my sources (the best source being The Virginia Adventure by Ivor Noel Hume - generally regarded as the best one-volume history of the Jamestown colony).

There were in fact instances of villages being burned and crops being destroyed which pre-date the 1622 massacre. However, I did not find instances of wholesale massacre prior to the 1622 attack on the colonists. That seems to have been the first. Furthermore, in every instance I can find of a village or crop being burned, it appears to have been in response to an Indian attack. Here’s one example from 1608:

Hume, The Virginia Adventure, p. 209. (Note: Hume is anything but an apologist for the colonists. His book has an objective tone, and he readily condemns the arrogance and greed of the settlers, and the atrocities they themselves committed against Indians.)

One thing I meant to address earlier:

jac wrote:

Well, here’s an account of the first encounter between the colonists and the Indians:

Hume, p. 134.

This encounter set the tone. Now were the Indians justified in attacking? Maybe. Maybe their earlier experiences with the (by-then-vanished) Roanoke colony had convinced them that white settlers should not be trusted. Regardless of possible justifications for the attack, however, jac’s description of a warm welcome just doesn’t wash.

In May of 1607, the colonists put ashore, and went to work on building their settlement. During this time, they were visited by (apparently) friendly Indians. A crescent-shaped fortification was built, using felled trees. Within a week of landing, Smith and 19 men went exploring upriver. Again they encountered (apparently) friendly Indians, and had the chance to visit villages. On their return to the settlement, however, they learned that on May 26, 1607, a force of more than 200 Indians had attacked the colonists, wounding ten and killing two. Hume, pp. 136-143.

Again, hardly a warm welcome. Were the hostilities justified? Maybe. I mention them only to show that jac’s description of events is not an accurate one.

I certainly do not mean to downplay the tragedy of what happened (ultimately) to Native American peoples, or the rapacious and violent actions of white settlers. I am just bothered by folks who attempt to resurrect the myth of the “noble savage.” Indians were no better or worse than anybody else. They had the misfortune to come out on the losing end of a monumental clash of civilizations. We can decry the destruction of their cultures, and we can decry the arrogant and often-violent actions of white settlers, without taking the extra (racist) step of implying that Indians are somehow morally superior to Europeans, that they were above the sort of violence of which Europeans were capable. People are people. Homo sapiens sapiens.

Which brings me to the word “genocide.” I really don’t think the use of this word adds in any meaningful way to the discussion of these and subsequent events. I think the word is thrown into the discussion like a bomb. It is a rhetorical device, used to inflame passions. But as this thread demonstrates, the word can be defined so broadly, or so narrowly, as to render it ultimately meaningless. Atrocities are atrocities, regardless of who commits them, and regardless of whether or not they total up to “genocide,” whatever your definition of that word may be.