Don’t know how much you know about shoes, so excuse if I am repeating something you already know.
While most people can wear standard ‘off the rack’ shoes, many of us can’t. We just don’t fit the mold and need a different shape shoe, than a standard ‘d’ or even ‘e’ can provide. The shape of a shoe is called a last and lasts come in a myriad of shapes, from AAA to EEE. Unfortunately most mass produced shoes don’t come in such a wide range, which is why you’re having issues.
My go to place for first-timers is Allen Edmonds http://www.allenedmonds.com/shoes-101/lasts.html which goes up to EEE. Note: these are not fashion-forward shoes, nor are they $50; but I find them to be at a good price point for the type of personalized sizing you may need. The only alternative would be to go bespoke and that’s very expensive.
Note: AE has clearance sales, as well as a ‘shoe bank’ which sells seconds, so you could find bargains. The best thing to do is go a store and have a fitting, but you can speak to a representative, tell them your issues and they may be able to provide suggestions. You can return shoes, as long as they don’t show signs of wear.
There are of course other shoe companies that provide a similar service such as Alden’s, but and I don’t know your budget, many of them are considerable more expensive than AE.
Have you been to a podiatrist? I’m seeing a foot that needs a custom orthotic, if not a custom shoe, because the metatarsals are…not supposed to be in that shape. The bones that make up the arch of your foot aren’t arching, causing them to spread wide instead of up and around.
If you have health insurance and foot, ankle, or back pain, this could be a good thing - they may well pay for the custom made shoes you can’t afford out of pocket.
I have an internet business that sells shoes and what have found is that if you go up a size in length you will also increase width a bit (ie a 14 D medium will fit a 13 E wide pretty well). Rather than looking for an almost impossible to get non-bespoke 8 7E I would try a 10 4x (= 5E-6E) or 11 4X (=5E-6E) which are available at retail and would not look nearly as odd on your feet as a 8 7E .