I mostly agree with the OP, but the way I use common sense may not quite be how most people use it. Breaking it down, it should just mean the logic that one would expect to be applied to the situation by a normal person. In that way, sometimes it going to be true, and sometimes it’s not.
Consider the “Earth is flat” concept. We’ve known for thousands of years that it is round, but that wasn’t common knowledge. Without more information, the Earth appeared flat, so common sense would have dictated, incorrectly, that the Earth was flat. Today, we have better information and it’s well distributed, so now common sense dictates, correctly, that the Earth is round. In neither case does common sense lead to the veracity of their conclusion.
So, really, common sense is like an extension of argument ad populum, that we’re making an assertion that this is what most people would believe and thus, by virtue of a lot of people likely believing it, that it’s valid. So, if your argument is just “This is a good law because it’s common sense.” then, yeah, I’d say you’ve basically forfeited the debate.
However, I think there are times where it’s worth mentioning that something is common sense. For instance, to avoid bringing politics into this, if one were to run into a Flat Earth believer, I think it’s reasonable to say that it’s common sense that the Earth is round, not as simply saying that you win, but rather to put the onus on them to debunk the common sense arguments. You shouldn’t have to go find photographs from space and prove that they’re legit, it’s on them to explain either why they’re not proof or why and how they were faked. Basically, I think it can be used in the same way that I don’t need to find a source for common knowledge, like citing a math paper defining the value of pi.
However, even in those instances, it’s not always clear what is common sense, and it’s WAY over used. You’ll see both sides in the gun debate, in immigration, in health care, whatever, claiming that their side is common sense. Common sense, in this regard, is really only useful when debating fringe ideas like conspiracy theories, highly uncommon political ideologies, generally rejected scientific theories, etc.