Whoops! Did it again!
Pledge Answers
I wonder if this will turn out to be a double post if I try to submit again? My questions were - are there other countries that have pledges of allegiance? I couldn’t find any using Google. How is a pledge of allegiance different from a loyalty oath? Historically haven’t other countries used loyalty oaths only when they had a feudal or fascist political system?
I’m not aware of any country which has a pledge or similar which any group of citizens are expected to recite frequently. Lots of countries have pledges or oaths which (a) people recite upon being naturalised as citizens (meaning that citizens from birth never have to recite it) and (b) people recite on being appointed to certain offices - legislative, executive, judicial, military. In Ireland, for example, it used to be the case that someone applying for citizenship would attend at the District Court and make a “declaration of loyalty to the state and fidelity to the nation”. (It’s no longer required.) And there are a variety of oaths to be taken by those appointed to high office. But there’s nothing for your common-or-garden citizen.