AFAIK either would technically be ambiguous without specifying percentage of what. But I think everyone understand the former not the latter, since percentages are normally of the entire drink.
(According to usual percentage rules, I don’t know if there’s anything special about alcohol.)
But I can’t think of a perfect way of phrasing them. Anyone?
Yes, it is the exact correct terminology for this and for all other uses of percentages.
For example, if the percentage of people approving George Bush’s foreign policy went from 50% to 54% that would be a 4 percentage point increase (or an 8% total increase). You might see it sometimes shortered to just “4 points”, with percentage assumed from context.