Bible: Chistianity
Book of Mormon: Mormonism
Koran: Islam
I know that there are some that I am missing, but I can’t find an index or anything like that on the net. What other religious books are out there, and what are their respective religions?
If you define a “religious” book as a book about a religion, explaining its basic beliefs and philosophy, there are tons of religious books out there, and each months new ones are written.
If a “religious” book means a Holy Scripture that is accepted by all believers of the religion as the fundamental compilation of the faith, then you won’t be that lucky. Islam, Christianity and Judaism are called the scripture religions, because they do have such a basic scripture (in the case of Judaism it’s what the Christians call the Old Testament, especially the first five books of it). Hinduism, Buddhism and other religions do have traditional writings that are widely used and respected but do not have the same value their counterparts in the scripture religions have.
I would have included Taoism, whose principle texts are the Tao Te Ching and the Chuang Tzu, but perhaps that is my own ignorance speaking. 
I guess you could also include the Upanishads and the Bhagvad Gita for Hinduism and maybe the Annalects of Confucius for (of course) Confucianism. The sacred text of the Zoroastrians is called the* Avesta-E-Zend* or Zend-E-Avesta. I used to be a Baha’i and there were many sacred writings by several different authors in that tradition.
Jataka is a biography of the lives of the Buddha. Find more here: http://www.sacred-texts.com/world.htm