Roman Numerals, Clocks & Sundials

In THIS column, the Master discusses whether Roman sundials had IIII or IV on them.

HERE is a science education website that discusses early clocks & sundials.

Roman sundials were not flat! They were bowl-shaped, & you could keep track of the months with them, too.

Flat sundials seemingly were products of the Dark Ages (sundials/Dark Ages–free oxymoron to anybody who’ll give it a good home).
The website shows a 15th Century clock with IIII, & a Dark Ages sundial with a IV.

I can’t see the markings on the sundial. :mad:

I hope this link is helpful, & please show it to the Celestial Master. :slight_smile:

Moreoever, although the Romans did not have weight-driven or spring-driven escapement clocks, they did have clocks with dials and hands, in the form of clepsydrae with float-to-rack-to-pinion drives. cf.This discussion at Beaglesoft.

:smack:

I should have remembered that!

The Antikythera Mechanism had toothed gears like a clock. Could there have been other timekeeping devices among the Ancients?