I know where I stand on these issues, but I don’t know where the rest of the country does, so I’ll just summarize my positions:
Debt ceiling: Obama does not have the Constitutional authority to pay any heed to the debt ceiling. Congress has, as is their prerogative, authorized a certain amount of spending, and they have also, as is also their prerogative, collected a certain amount of tax revenue. The President is not allowed to overrule either of these, therefore, there is a certain amount of debt. This is true no matter what the Republicans think, and they have already “allowed” Obama to ignore the ceiling by passing the budget they did.
Immigration: We should completely open the doors, and allow nearly anyone in who wants, with a clear path to citizenship. OK, I do know that this viewpoint is pretty extreme, compared to the country as a whole.
Taxes: Capital gains and inheritance should be taxed the same way as any other income, and we need brackets for income tax that go significantly higher than they do now.
Gov’t spending: There are a large number of things that private industry simply can’t do, and a similarly large number that they can do, but which the government is better at. It is fully appropriate that the government do all of these things, and that means spending money.
US as Christian country: We’re certainly a country where people are free to be Christians, and it’s a matter of fact that more people here identify as Christian than any other religion. That doesn’t mean that we’re a “Christian country”, though, and there’s no excuse for us having “In God we Trust” as our motto.
Abortion: Should be allowed before some fetal developmental milestone, and prohibited after (I’m open to debate on precisely when that milestone should be). And regardless of whether it’s allowed or prohibited, the most effective ways of decreasing the abortion rate are fact-based sex education, societal (which probably means governmental) support for prenatal care, and societal support for families after birth.
Obamacare: A step in the right direction, but without a public option, it’s far weaker than it ought to be.
Birtherism: Pure unalloyed lunacy, full stop.
Racial equality/ civil rights: Everyone should have full equality of opportunity, and unfortunately, that is not yet the case. One can reasonably debate the best way to provide more opportunities to those who are currently lacking, but the need for the equality of opportunity is definitely there.
English as official language of US: To the extent that we have any official language at all, it already is, and that’s not going to change any time in my lifetime. No further action is needed.