As said, I think that by our standards any reason what-so-ever would be considered a reasonable argument to run away from slavery. I’m not arguing, by any means, that slavery was a light and friendly institution.
But, I would expect that the grand majority of slaves running away were teens, acting irrationally, and that most of them didn’t get very far, that it wasn’t particularly well thought out, and probably most instances didn’t get much note in their own time, let alone chronicled for history. And probably most of the slaves, who didn’t run away, thought that the person running away was being silly.
There are certainly also instances - and by that I mean that there was probably a large percentile - of run aways that were seriously undertaken and seriously needed. Their owners were horrible people who would punish people for any little thing. The slaves on those grounds probably helped the escapee in their venture and were happy to see them get away.
I’m not arguing that the situation for slaves were good, that anyone deserved the treatment that they got, nor that there was any redeeming quality to the experience. My point is simply that the Hollywood treatment where every slave, in all instances are going to sleep every night with tears in their eyes is almost certainly false - just as anything Hollywood would be. The grand majority of people, regardless of time, era, or role adapt to their situation and get on with life without thinking about whether it’s fair or not. And similarly, the grand majority of bosses, captains, slave owners, parents, etc. muddle along as best they can and only mete out punishment where they feel (based upon the mores of the day) where they feel it is deserved, and they craft the level of punishment to level of infraction and the previous history of the individual.
I’m quite willing to believe that Washington may have been more strict with his slaves than average - being a military man and all - but from the information listed it isn’t reasonable to conclude thereby that he was whipping people left and right, just for the hell of it. It’s more likely that he had very explicit rules laid out (which, granted, would largely seem silly and outmoded today), that he didn’t punish people except when (by the standards of the day) deserved it, that the level of punishment was probably in line with the standards of punishment at the time (which, at the top end, included whipping), and that most people around (including slaves) would have felt that anyone running away before a big punishment were being ninnies. By our modern standards, the prospect of being whipped should propel anyone to run away and any report that the person ran away because they didn’t want to be whipped would be reasonable, and I don’t disagree with that. But that still doesn’t mean that the person doing the whipping was doing it for fun, that it was an excessive use of force, that it was a daily activity, nor that it was done without consideration of the feelings and well-being of the recipient in mind.
Knowing, now, that it’s a horrible thing to do and terribly excessive for almost any purposes doesn’t mean that they knew that then. The concept that “if someone isn’t responding well to punishment, we should try to find other means to find a solution, rather than upping the level of punishment to the next level” is a modern one - within the last 30-40 years. It was probably hard on the slaver to beat their slaves, just as it was probably hard for most teachers to paddle their students, for captains to flog their sailors, and for parents to spank their children. But, in that time, where they were unaware of alternate solutions - or those solutions didn’t exist - it wasn’t clear what to do except to up the ante.
If someone is misbehaving, who should be doing their work/study/chores, does that mean that you need to talk to them about it, give them ritalin, find an alternate activity, fire/emancipate/free them, or punish them? If you’re a parent, back before the concept of ADHD and ritalin, you can’t send your child off to fend in the streets for themselves, you’ve tried talking to them, and you need to teach them how to take care of themselves and their household before they are adults, that only leaves you with punishment and more talking, either of which will keeping getting upped over time. If you’re the floor manager of a factory and your worker won’t do his job, you could fire him, but in some towns (back in the day) that might have been the same as dooming them to starvation and freezing, you’ve talked to him, so what do you do? If you have a slave and he’s not doing his work, you’ve talked to him, tried giving him a variety of chores, and you’ve put (the modern equivalent) of tens of thousands of dollars into purchasing and providing him for the seemingly “reasonable” purpose of taking care of them in exchange for work, making it financially impossible to let them go and fearing for their safety and health if you did, again what do you do except punish them?
Because of the times and the existence of slavery, it leads necessarily to cruel acts occurring. But that doesn’t mean that the people involved were acting in what they or the people around, or even under, them would have considered to be cruel or excessive ways. And most of the time, none of that would have happened. Most of the time, every one would have fallen into their slot in society, done their best to muddle along through life, and enjoyed it for what it was.
Slavery should not exist. Ramping up punishment upon punishment with the expectation of a different outcome is fruitless. I am not arguing otherwise.
My point is purely that the Hollywood treatment, the tentpole cases, etc. are not a good view into the average life of slavery. For most people, most of the time, life was probably fairly unexceptional and they just got on with it. Everyone was just making the best of a bad situation. In hindsight, the situation shouldn’t have existed, but there’s no value in demonizing the people who were there. For most of them, when they had to do bad things, they probably hated the fact that they were being “forced” to do it and suffered pangs of guilt afterwards. And yet, they probably went on ahead and did it again the next year and the next. That’s not because they were cruel, sadistic monsters. It’s because the state of the world at that time was crap and it convinced many people that what they were doing was just as it should be.
George Washington whipped people, slaves and soldiers. He probably beat his kids, too. I don’t condone any of that. But most days, if you asked any of those people about how their day was, they would tell you, “Pretty good.” Because most days, by the standards of the time and what they expected from it, that’s what they would have honestly felt. It may be bizarre, but that’s the way humans are. We adapt to our situation and think it natural.