What do people who speak languages that use diacritic marks call the various accented letters and ligatures when they spell them out? Just curious.
Well, in French, each accent has a name:
é – accent aigu (spelling may be wrong)
è – accent grave (note: Edgar Sousé was wrong about the accent name 
)
ê – accent circomflex
ç – cedilla
i thought it was called the accent acute. but anyhow…
the marks over the ü and ö are called “umlauts.”
the little tail appearing in a polish “a” and “e” which looks like a reversed cedilla is called an “ogonek.”
when you spell them out, these letters usually have very distinct sounds. the “ü” sounds different from “u.” the former is similar to saying “ee” with lips in the shape for saying “oo.” you normally do not have to name the accent - it is evident from the sound.
I do not know if they are accents really… At least they are just letters in our alfabet… We(sweden) have “Ö, Ä, Å” for exampel.
Being an ugly jingoistic American, I have no idea what them furriners call the diacritic marks, but here’s what us egocentric USA’ians call 'em. This will teach ya the keystrokes to make 'em, too. As long as you use the number keypad. The row of numerals at the top of your keyboard won’t work.
http://boards.straightdope.com/sdmb/showthread.php?threadid=26695
It is. When said in English. Aigu means acute or sharp. The only accented letter that I actually “say” as a letter is e’ (aigu - my keyboard isn’t set up for accents right now), and I say it kinda the way I say “eh”.
For example, spelling the word “e’cole” (school), I say “eh-see-oh-el-ee”. Or at least thats how I pronounce the rest of the letters when spelling the french word in english. Get it? Sorry this is kinda hard to explain 
In Irish, the acute accent is called a fada. This is because fada is the Irish word for “long” and the accent is used to indicate the elongation of the vowel. If you were spelling a word out - for example, the name Seán - you would spell it as “S, E, A fada, N”.
In German
ä is a bit like the e in BET
ö is like the er in HERD
ü is like the oo in TOO
Mind you, these comparisons are good for another Australian speaker but might not be as accurate for Americans.
In Russian, especially in children’s texts, ë is pronounced YO like the ya in YACHT.
I believe that the question meant if when spelling out, we say any kind of special thing when the letter is diacrited, or the character itself changes name.
In Spanish, usually no. Only in one case does the diacrit change the character to a different letter. And the two “ligatures”, if you could call them that, were recently stripped of separate-letter status by the Academy.
Example, my name:
José
and the city of
Mayagüez
I would spell it out:
“jota-o-ese-e”
“eme-a-ygriega-a-ge-u-e-zeta” (or “eme-a-ye-a-ge-u-e-zeta”)
A literate native speaker, familiar with the rules for acentuación and diéresis, would know where the proper marks go. If advised that the person is not familiar with the rule or with the word, I would just clarify after spelling out the word or or right after saying the appropriate letter, “accent mark on ____”, or “diéresis above _______” (which usually requires explanation as “two little dots” to take effect).
The one character that becomes a whole different letter by a diacrit is ñ – “eñe”, the sound that the French represent by “gn” and the English (at times) by “ny”(canyon). Plain old “n” is called “ene”.
Thus:
Cañón (canyon or cannon) : "ce-a-enye-o-ene, accent on ‘o’ "
BTW in Spanish the accent mark and the ~ are both technically called a “tilde”.
Two digraphs, “ll” (“elle”, the equivalent to the English “y” consonant), and “ch” (“che”, as in Che Guevara) were held to be letters in and of themselves by the Spanish Academy until 1994, when they lost the status for alphabetization purposes (blame the Net). Many still use them as a spelling shorthand (“che” being easier to say than “ce-hache”).
The “rr” digraph was never a separate letter and it’s spelled out as “doble-ere” or “ere-ere”.
þ Þ Thorn
ð Ð edth
Slight corrections:
ê/â/î/û : accent circonflexe.
ç : in French, it’s called a cédille.
ë/ï: trémat.
Vietnamese has 11 vowels, and they all have different names. The “hat” on the 2nd a is not a diacritical mark; â and a are different vowels altogether. There is no chance in hell of me being able to name them because the differece may be something as subtle as saying the vowel in the back of your throat as opposed to at the tip of your tongue. Here are the volwels:
a
â
â (but with the “hat” inverted)
e
ê
i
o
ô
[sym]d[/sym]*
u
[sym]¶[/sym]*
And when you’ve got those mastered, you’ll need to be able to say them all with any of six different tones.
*nearest equivalent with the available symbol font.
Alright alright I’ll try- just stop badgering me! 
a - as in apple
â - as in butter
â (but with the “hat” inverted) - as in butter with rising tone on the u
e - as in bleah
ê - as in pay
i - as in knee
o - as in slaw but closer to “aw-ah” rather than “aww”
ô - as in grow
[sym]d[/sym] - as ô above, but make swallowing movements in the back of your mouth while pronouncing
u - as in glue
[sym]¶[/sym] - as u above, but make swalowing movements in the back of your mouth while pronouncing
Seperate the bolded parts from the words above and that is roughly how the vowels are pronounced.
This list may seem unwieldy to native English speakers, but now you might be able to understand why furriners often have so many gripes about English pronunciation. In Vitnamese (and perhaps many other languages), you say what you see. In English, a has no set pronunciation. The only way to know how to pronounce it is by learning (and then committing to memory) the pronunciation of the whole word.