Lee was lucky.
When the city was cast out of Malaysia, it became a city state with two significant assets: a deep water harbour and a legal system inherited from the British the guaranteed contracts would be honoured for international trade. Lee was a lawyer.
China had turned its back on the world and the other nations in that part of Asia were dominated by dictators and their corrupt cronies. Singapore became an entrepot, a centre of trade, then investment in light manufacturing that required little land: plastics, semiconductors, then later insurance and finance business. Good business decisions.
I remember an interview with Lee when he as asked whether he ever thought Singapore would become as prosperous as it did. He said ‘not in my wildest dreams’, Singapore was a such sleepy place after WW2.’
I guess he played his cards right with the other regional powers who were consumed by their own troubles and kept Singapore ordered and open for business.
I have visited both Singapore and Hong Kong. The cities both seemed to follow the same economic trajectory and had adopted the same legal framework.
Sitting around a table in Hong Kong with some young professionals, I remarked that Singapore made sense at a certain time of your life, being a city that prided itself on having a law for everything. They all looked at me and nodded. ‘Yes, when you are retired!’, they replied.
Lee built Singapore in his own image. A very old, wise lawyer. It is a great place to be a old. It is Hell to be a teenager or young, just about everything you want to do is illegal and there old people giving out tickets and fines to keep you in line. Everything works, but it is sanitised, predictable and authoritarian.
If you are inside the system, you are fine, if you are on the edge, your life will not be comfortable. A great deal the government does not like is swept under the carpet and pushed over the border. The culture stifles creativity.
Lee was a good a poker player at the game of international and domestic politics. He ended up creating a Asian version of Switzerland and his power base was sitting on a big pile of money because the other states in the region could not get their economic act together.
A great leader? I don’t think so. More like a great mayor, certainly. One that learnt how avoid the messy details of democracy by legal chicanery. But put the law to good use in regulating a city state.
Eulogized or damned? Neither! Respected for his skill at guiding this little country, certainly.