Sociology? Fill me in, if you would...

I know it’s a a bit pretntious to refer to myself as a History Major with a whopping 2 semester of part time attendance at a JC, but that is usually easier than explaining the whole kit and kaboodle.

However, after recent discussions with my wife, she said I should maybe look into sociology rather than History.

I chose History because it’s something that I have always been fascinated with, and love. Reading about the doings of someone long ago… walking a stairway that people have been walking up and down for centuries… all these things combined to make me choose history.
HOWEVER

My wife pointed out to me that I am always looking for the “Why?” of the history I read. She stated that I may be even more interested in Sociology, which she said is pretty much a study in “why did this happen this way?”.

example: We were discussing the future of our little town over here in Western PA, and she asked me if I thought it would ever grow to be larger. I thought about it for a bit, and reflected on what I see when I drive around. Then I said that I beleived that the town once WAS bigger, but had probably shrunk after the foundry closed. I added a caveat that I would need to see a demographics survey for the last 20 years or so to determine if the city was overall growing, stable, or shrinking in population.

She said that my answer, and my enthusiasm for the thought of the research, is why I should look into Sociology.
So I’m asking you wonderful Dopers to fill me in on this science.

What is it?
What is it used for?
Hi Opal?
Is there a demand for Sociologists in the Real World?

Well, since I have minors in both History and Sociology, I might be able to help.

Short version: whatever you want, whatever you want, Opal has a real job, in just about every field imaginable.

Longer version: Sociology is generally The Study of Society & Societies. If people form groups for any reason, familial, social, political, economic, etc. then sociology will be studying them, trying to figure out what makes them tick. Political sociologists try to predict who will win the next election, for example. As an independent major I don’t think much of it…too generalized. But as a major or minor combined with something specific, like Political Science, then you have the basis for a set of very useful job skills. Mine was paired with History and an Anthropology major to make me a Complet Social Studies teacher.

It’s the study of society and how the individual interacts and is influenced by that society. For example, a course might be examining religion through a sociologists lens. That is, what sort of pressures are on the individual from religion, who benefits from religion, why it formed etc. Specifically you would examine things like religions influence on unwanted pregnancy due to lack of sex education, or family size in religious vs. non-religious families.

If you want a quick introduction into what studying sociology would be like I suggest reading Eric Klineberg’s Heat Wave. It’s not a ground breaking or fundamental work, but it is an excellent example of what thinking Sociologically is all about.

History is a lot more than just what happened. It goes into the why a great deal.

Do you want fries with that?

Seriously though, Sociology might qualify you for something like social work but it’s pretty much a liberal arts degree.

Ha!

Actually, I have a PhD in sociology of religion, and this isn’t my understanding of the discipline. The way I usually explain it is that a sociologist of religion studies how groups behave (form, organize, interact with other elements of society, adapt or break up, etc.) given what their religious beliefs are. Certain beliefs will cause groups to organize themselves in particular ways – the extreme hierarchicalness of the Roman Catholic church vs. the extreme egalitarianism of the Quakers, e.g. – and will have an effect on how the rest of society reacts to them. For instance, different groups (e.g., Catholics, or Quakers, or Amish, or Scientologists) experience different degrees of tension with society at large, depending on how much they accept the larger society, and how much their own behaviors and norms are in conflict with it (e.g. Mormons moved towards greater acceptance when they eschewd polygamy).

Etc.

Anyway – fascinating stuff – but not directly applicable to any real-world job.

ETA: My training is, of course, in theoretical sociology more than more quantitative approaches, which probably could involve calculating family sizes.

My father has a PhD in sociology, used to teach at the college level, and has his own business doing Market Research. There are many sociologists in that field, since in order to do it you have to know how to interpret social trends and demographic data, as well as be a keen observer of the human animal.

See also, “Why We Buy” by Pablo Underhill – I think Underhill has a anthropology degree but they are quite related fields. (Anthropology is the study of human culture).

PS - my dad’s dissertation was on communal societies.

My advisor used to say "Only difference is that sociologists study ‘us’ and anthropologists study ‘them.’ "

My own perspective (I have an undergrad degree in anthropology) is that Sociology examines the actions of social groups while anthropology looks at how social structures and other elements of culture (such as material culture/technology) are created and transmitted. Anthropology encompasses four subdisciplines:
Linguistics (culture encoded in language)
Biological Anthropology (physical origins of human culture)
Social/Cultural Anthroplogy (study of existant cultures)
Archaeology (study of past cultures through material remains)

But, like I said, there’s an area of overlap… but don’t go saying that too loud near any Anthropology or Sociology department. (“No daughter of mine will be an anthropologist!” quoth my father, jokingly).

Yeah, that is definitely part of the field. Your study focused on a group’s dynamic with society, whereas mine tended more towards an individual’s dynamic with society. They are essentially the same thing, and my different experience is probably just due to what classes we took. I tended towards the criminology and deviance portions of sociology, which probably explains my focus on the individual in society.

I majored in Sociology and minored in Anthropology. What do I do for a living? I work at a social policy research company. Money isn’t hand over fist…but I do love what I do.

What is my friend (with the same degree) doing? Working as a social worker at a nursing home. Money is still not hand over fist, but she loves what she does.

Its not the field that will bring home the most ‘bacon’ to say the least…but if you like it - what does that matter?

I’m nearly finished with my undergrad History degree. I know this isn’t what you asked, but I just wanted to chime in that the analysis of demographic data (especially trends over time) is absolutely part of the study of history. If you’re interested, I can email you a class paper I did (with a partner) on the history of a San Francisco neighborhood (the Fillmore, in case you’re familiar with the area) that includes a great deal of demographic data. I’m really proud of the Excel charts I made!

I, too, am interested in the “why” of what’s happened in the past, and have taken a few anthropology classes that I really enjoyed. From the descriptions of sociology here, I think I would find that really interesting as well, but I also think that many of those themes can be addressed within the discipline of history.

One major thing to consider is the transition from a humanity to a social science. Don’t forget that the social sciences either ARE sciences, and include a good amount of statistics (i.e. psychology), or else they’re a bit neurotic about trying to be more scientific (I won’t name names here…I’m not necessarily saying this applies to sociology, a discipline that I actually know little about). I prefer the style of discourse in history - I find it a lot more accessible and I like that I can just talk about stuff that happened and possible explanations for it, without worrying about words that have very particular meanings within the field.

I’m currently avoiding writing a final exam for my summer sociology class, and this thread seems like an excellent way to do it.

The American Sociological Association has information on sociology related careers.

Sociology covers a lot of ground. You can find postmodern social theory and rigorous statistical analyses in the same department. If you’re interested in knowing why society is the way it is, how it got to be that way, and where it might be going, then sociology might be worth exploring. I like to start newbies off with C. Wright Mills’ essay on the sociological imagination. I also recommend going to the local bookstore and browsing through the sociology section. Does the stuff there catch your eye?

I had to giggle when I read this, thinking, “and which cardboard box do you live in?” I, too, was passionate about my “useless” liberal arts degrees, and I’m happy to see that someone else has made a go of it. Good for you. :slight_smile:

Sociology “ABD” checking in. Never finished up. Was “outsider looking in” the whole time I was a grad student. I was not a Sociology major as an undergrad.

a) At any level less than seeking a PhD in the field, I think Sociology is pretty damn cool. Why do people behave as they do? Instead of exploring the question at the individual level, as psychology does, what if we explore it on the aggregate level, the ways in which people behave as they do as a consequence of the groups and social structures in which they are involved? Eye-opener material.

b) Sociology has a hard cold core. You’ll run across it incidentally if you take enough undergrad courses, but you’ll run headlong into it if you pursue it for an advanced degree: sociology considers the contents of your mind to be totally caused by your location in cultural time and space. The conclusions you’ve reached, the perspectives you’ve claimed as your own, are all consequences of large patterns governing group-membership and socialization and culture. You are not doing your own thinking, nor is anyone else.

c) Sociology is the antithesis of bio-essentialism. A traditional sociologist would say that every single bit of your personality and behavioral characteristics are caused by the matrix of what you have been exposed to. You are considered to have been born as a blank slate, tabula rasa, written upon by chronological events, best comprehended in the aggregate. You as your class. You as your race. You as your gender. You as your age-group. You as your profession.

d) Sociology has cool tools. Statistics can be fun. I say this as a total NON-math person.

e) There’s an old joke about the policeman who comes across a well-dressed drunk. The drunk has the wonderful received pronunciation of the English language and acts as a Lord, and explains that he has accidentally dropped his keys. Rather than bust him for DWI, the police officer helps him look for the keys. After a few unsuccessful moments, the police officer asks “'Are you sure you dropped them here?” The privileged drunken guy replies “No, I dropped them back in that dark alley, but there’s no use in looking for them there, it’s too dark to see anything there”. Sociology is very ossified in its notions of what it can examine and how it can examine it. Like the drunk looking for keys where they aren’t because it’s a location that can be searched, sociologists tend to gravitate towards studies they can actually do using the methods of the field, and either ignore or prevaricate about questions they cannot address using their methods of chocie.

f) Sociology, at least on most campuses, is more rooted in Marxist class analysis than any other academic field. That may sound radical. It’s not. Marx was from the late 1880s. More radical ideas have come down the pike, most notably radical feminism. Marxist analysis of social inequality as it occurs within sociology tends towards the presentation of the deplorable inevitable: class struggle is inevitable, losers who are oppressed by societal mechanisms, that’s inevitable, social unfairness due to the strong oppressing the weak as a class, and gradually creating social institutions that replicate their oppression while passing themselves off as neutral or inevitable, that’s, umm, inevitable. Gee it all sucks but not much we as sociologists can do. Except study various things using class as a variable. And saying “tsk tsk” a lot.

g) You can cross-study cultural anthropology. Which is not without its problems. But some cultural anthro classes both look good and also help critique some of what is taught in socio, and vice versa. Also take some psych and, if available, some social work courses, to get a rounded and 3-D perspective on the relevant subject matter.

Yeah, this is sort of what I was talking about when mentioned the humanity vs. social science thing. One thing I like about history is that pretty much anything ever produced by mankind is a valid and interesting text,* so long as you think hard enough about who produced it, what and who it was intended for, etc.

*Text as in something that can be studied and potentially learned from, not as in something that “proves” anything. Okay, I’ll get off my nerdy history-lovin’ soapbox now.

Thank you all very much! This helped clear up some of my misconceptions, and helped clarify some of my own murky thoughts on the subject.

I will be looking into pretty much all the books mentioned here.

My wife is also recommending an “Intro to Sociology” class, but has warned me that eventually I will want to work my way up to some statistical math, if only to help me understand how statistics works. Being VERY soft on math, I am a bit intimidated by it, but I’m also intimidated by the basic Algebra class I’m going to be working on this year.

Interesting… I should pick my minor much more carefully than “Something that’s cool that I like”, it would appear.

Absolutely - at an undergrad level - particularly intro courses at a Junior college you are going to get a lot of who, what, when political history - and you move into higher level courses, you get a broader idea of what History is - economic history, social history, women’s history, demographic history - and analyzing that information to discover how all that political history impacted day to day lives - and how the day to day lives impacted the politics - it isn’t all “when was the Magna Carta signed”

The father of one of my friends is a Demographic Historian I believe still working for the U.N. However, to be employed pretty much means a PhD - and even then it means making peanuts, moving around until you find tenure or a decent job, or working at Barnes and Noble while you write a new biography of Josephine’s maid. Plus, an interest in that sort of number crunching can serve you well - a lot of Liberal Arts majors are there because statistics scares them.

Which brings us to “Sociology = us, Anthropology = them, History = us or them in the past.”

(I’ve always been a little jealous of professional Economic Historians myself. Facinating stuff.)

Just a bit of a nitpick here. Linguistics is it’s own thing, though at many colleges, the linguistics program is part of the anthropology department (or English or philosophy or any number of other departments because interest is usually fairly small). There is a lot of overlap between the two disciplines, to the extent that there is a sub-discipline called linguistic anthropology, but it’s inaccurate to call linguistics a sub-discipline of anthropology since much of what goes on in linguistics has very little to do what goes on in anthropology. Sorry to hijack, but it’s a bit of a sore subject for me.