The Bad Astronomer would know. I hope he’ll still be in here answering questions. Now that his new book, Bad Astronomy by Philip Plait just hit the bookstores last week, his publisher might get annoyed if he keeps giving it up for free!
Our Solar System was not made from the remains of only one earlier star. The ashes of hundreds of stars form clouds of dust and gas, and gravitational collapse of parts of that dustcloud create stars and their associated planetary systems.
The book Atom, by Lawrence M. Krauss, has a detailed account of this as part of the process by which he traces particles created in the Big Bang to their eventual capture as an oxygen atom in our Earth.
The sun orbits the center of the galaxy at a speed of ~150 kilometers per second, and a distance of ~30,000 light years. Each orbit takes about 240 million years. http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~spac250/elio/spac.html
Since the solar system formed about 4.5 billion years ago it has circled the galaxy about 18 times. The shape of the solar system’s orbit is affected by the gravitational attraction of nearby stars, and that changes with each orbit, as those stars move through their own orbits at different speeds. Whatever remnants remain of the explosions that triggered the formation of the solar system have been travelling in their own erratic orbits for the past 4.5 billion years and could be found anywhere within the galaxy by now.