Hello Diogenes.
Sorry I’ve come late to the party. I only now discovered your thread. May I still join in the games? If I answer all the questions up until now, I should be caught up. For the record, I’m fairly conservative in my beliefs, though I don’t think I fall into your “fundamentalist” category.
Set 1, Q1: Is belief in the divinity of Jesus necessary for salvation?
No. I believe that Salvation is through Jesus only. Acts 4:12 states, “Salvation is found in no one else, for there is no other name under Heaven given to men by which we must be saved.” However, I believe that salvation is available to those who have never heard of, or believed in Jesus, provided they have responded positively to the promptings of the Holy Spirit on their heart. I believe that the Holy Spirit touches everyone regardless of their religious beliefs. Of course, not everyone recognizes that it’s the Holy Spirit talking to them. Some refer to it as their conscience, others as the good angel on their shoulder, as so on. But however they refer to Him, they must respond favorably in order to be saved.
Q2: Do all non-Christians go to hell?
No. There are many good people who have never even heard of Jesus, but who have responded to the Holy Spirit and thus will be accepted. But those who haven’t heard of Jesus must do two things: 1. They must respond favorably to the promptings of the Holy Spirit. 2. They must avail themselves of every opportunity to learn more about what God wants of them.
Q3: Was the Crucifixion meaningless?
No. It is Jesus’ sacrifice which has made the salvation of humankind possible. Without that act, no one could be saved no matter their belief. But because Jesus did it, anyone can be saved who responds to God’s calling; whether that calling is from Jesus or the Holy Spirit. Even those who have never heard of Jesus but are accepted by God because of responding to the Holy Spirit, are able to be saved because of Jesus’ act even though they are unaware of what He did.
Q4: Is it possible to follow the teachings of Jesus without believing in Him as a Savior?
Yes. This is the same as asking if one could follow the teachings of Ghandi without believing he was the Savior; the answer is, “Of course.” One can admire someone else’s example and try to emulate it in order to be a good person. But it is not the act of following Jesus’ teachings (or Ghandi’s) which saves us; we can’t get into Heaven by doing good things. We can only receive salvation because God gives it to us as a gift, although we haven’t earned it.
Set 2, Q1: Is it possible for a person to never know about the crucifixion, resurrection or teachings of Christ, and yet still be saved?
Yes. God will save those who have responded to His calling whether or not that calling was through learning of Jesus or listening to the Holy Spirit within. For example, take the case of an aboriginal-type person living in a tribe in one of the deepest, darkest jungles of the world – such as Africa or South America. He will live his entire life never having heard of Jesus or what He did. Yet he will still have the Holy Spirit talking to his heart. When he and all his buddies go out hunting for unsuspecting passers-by in order to scalp them and chop them into stew meat, something inside will tell him that this isn’t quite right. He can respond to that little voice or not; and that will decide his fate. If he does respond and stops going on hunting raids, then he will be obeying what he feels is “right” according to the limited understanding he has; and that will be sufficient. But that acceptance will only apply to his case. Someone who lives in a developed country has access to much more information that does the native man. So the person who has an opportunity to learn more, but does not avail himself of it, is willfully choosing to be ignorant, and so cannot be accepted. We must active use the learning opportunities available to us.
Q2: Is it possible to not believe in the veracity of Christian doctrine and still be saved?
Yes. This is how the good people of other faiths will be saved – such as Jews, Muslims, Buddhists, Hindus, and so on. As stated above, those who are not saved through a belief in Jesus will be judged by their response to the Holy Spirit. I believe that God accepts those who do not follow Jesus. John 10:16 states, “I have other sheep that are not of this fold.” By this I think Jesus is referring to believers in God who are not in the “fold” of Christianity. Whether you are following the Father, the Holy Spirit, or Jesus, you are still following God.
Q3: If it is possible to be saved without knowledge of, or belief in the crucifixion, then how is the crucifixion meaningful?
This is the same as Q3 in the first set. It was Jesus’ sacrifice which made everyone’s salvation possible, whether or not they realize that they are being saved through Him. You made a comment just above your second set of questions to the effect that the Crucifixion was an act of love rather that a legalistic sacrifice. I would like to say I believe it served both purposes. Yes, it was a demonstration of supreme love for all mankind; but it also served to pay the debt incurred by mankind’s transgression of God’s laws. I may be taken to task over this as being legalistic, but it is what I believe, because it serves a part of God’s purpose. If one is legalistic, then a great punishment is due for all the atrocious crimes committed; if one believes in karma, then a great deal of “good” is needed to balance all the “bad” in the world; if one believes in grace, then a great act of Love is needed to counteract all the hate and suffering there is. But which ever your belief, a counterbalance is necessary. The Crucifixion served that purpose and thus it is through that sacrifice on the part of Jesus that anyone can be reconciled to God.
Q4: What do we have to be saved from, exactly?
We have to be saved from eternal death. I believe there is an afterlife comprised of immortality and direct access to God. I believe humankind had this in the past but lost it through an act of rebellion. Jesus has provided a way for us to be restored to that position again. While your statement is true that many other religions don’t have this paradigm, I don’t think it is critical to being saved that one believe this. But it IS critical that one follow the promptings of the Holy Spirit regardless of one’s dogma. And this addresses the second part of your question. If you don’t think you need to be forgiven for anything, then you are not listening to the Holy Spirit. Because the Holy Spirit convicts our hearts regarding everything we do which is contrary to God’s will. Granted, He doesn’t convict us of everything at once; we couldn’t take it. But He guides us throughout our entire live taking us step-by-step closer to God’s ideal. If we die before reaching that perfection, it doesn’t matter; because God knows that we were responding to Him and moving in the right direction.
Set 3, Q1: Is it possible that there are miracles in other religions?
Yes. Again, God has followers besides those in Christianity. He works with them in the ways they need and can accept, just as He does with us. So, while I’m not familiar with the beliefs and traditions of the other faiths, it is certainly possible that God has worked miracles for them.
Q2: If non-Christian miracles are possible, does this give you pause in choosing Christianity over other religions?
No. I was reared in a Christian environment. I know and am comfortable with this belief system. If I had been born into a Muslim environment, then that faith would be what I prefer. But as an adherent of any faith, I must follow it to the best of my ability and constantly strive toward a clearer understanding of what my God desires.
As for the discrepancies between different inspired texts, and discrepancies even within the same text, this can be attributed to writer’s error rather than a contradiction in God’s character. I can best explain by re-using an example I gave in a different thread several months ago. The Bible is not a single writing by a single author; it is the collected writings of dozens of authors written over many centuries. What is more, it is not the case that God dictates His message while a prophet writes down word for word what is said. Imagine: God, “In the beginning …” Prophet, "Wait, wait. Does beginning have one “g” and two "n"s or is it two “g"s and one “n”?” God, “In the beginning, I …” Prophet, “Wait. When you say “I”, do you mean yourself, God, or “I” as in me the prophet?” It is more like the prophet sees a movie – a vision, then describes it as best he can in his own words. He is, of course, going to be limited by his experience and writing ability. His understanding of the message is also going to be affected by the culture he is from. This helps explain why much of the Bible is male-centered; virtually all of the prophets came from male-dominated societies, so that is the bias with which they related the message they had seen.
Viewed as a recapitulation of a vision they’ve seen, told in their own words, the discrepancies in the Bible are now understandable as stemming from the limitations of those who are relating the messages. This explains the need for understanding who the messenger was, what his culture was like, and who the message was directed toward primarily. Perhaps you’ve heard biblical scholars talk about this and wondered why it was such a big deal. Well, it affects the understanding of the message. This also explains how there can be apparent contradictions between different inspired writings: the messenger did not relate the message perfectly. So then, how can you trust any of the messages? By comparing the various messages, using your reasoning ability to analyze the most likely meaning, and allowing your understanding to be guided by the Holy Spirit.
Q3: How can you say that Christian miracles are any more credible than Hindu miracles?
I can’t and don’t. As stated earlier, I am not versed in the traditions of miracles in other faiths. So I can’t dismiss or discredit them. However, I have also stated already that I believe God does work miracles for other religions. What is more, I believe He works miracles for ordinary individuals on a regular basis. Miracles are not limited to a few perfect “Christians”.