Yeah, that’s something that sucks about living here. From what I know, there are no laws mandating sick time of any kind. In theory, a company could just be a bunch of assholes and not give you any paid leave at all (sick or otherwise) and there is no recourse outside of just not working there.
1. What country do you live in?
Sweden
2. How much time off (i.e. vacation) do you get?
As has been mentioned previously the standard is at least 25 days. Add to that public holidays which I think are 10-12 days per year.
I have 32 days of vacation, but I have not used them all the last couple of years so I have about 30 days of saved up vacation.
3. How do you generally use this time? Travel? More time at home? In large pieces (weeks) or spread out over time (days)?
I generally take 3-4 weeks of consecutive time off in the summer. I generally spend the summer at the summer house. The rest of the days I spread over the year perhaps to extend a weekend or to cover the gap between Christmas and New Year to get a long holiday.
4. How easy do you consider it to be to leave your country and visit another? Is it a big production or is it a “Hey, let’s go to Amsterdam this weekend”?
It is not a bigger deal to travel to another country than travelling within Sweden. Time and money are what prevents more frequent travel. Crossing one or more borders in Europe does not complicate travel.
5. How often do you leave your country for any reason?
I guess I go on business trips abroad around 10 times per year. I just got back from a trip to Switzerland yesterday. Next on my schedule is a trip to Singapore for a conference in June.
I would guess that on average I travel abroad about 2-3 times a year on holiday. My next trip will be to the US in a couple of weeks.
6. How common amongst your friends and families is it to just decide to move to another country?
Moving to another country is not that common. At least not among those who have settled down and have kids. I do however have quite a few friends who moved abroad after graduation for various jobs. Some came back after a couple of years and some still work abroad.
Yes but you have loads more time to count your money.
As for the OPs questions, just include me in the UK bunch.
Apart from vacations, I’m retired so I get 365 days a year 
- United Kingdom.
- 24 paid days a year, plus other public holidays.
- I spread it out, as and when I need to take time off for my daughter.
- Quite easy from what my sisters and parents tell me. Book your plane tickets, hotel, away you go.
- Depends how you’re going to define it, I’ve travelled to Liverpool and across the Irish border, neither of which feels like going to another country.
- Not terribly common. Not many people travel across the border to the Republic of Ireland from Northern Ireland that I know, most head across to England if anywhere at all.