Good call! I’ll contribute Big Country’s live album, Come Up Screaming, a line from their song “In a Big Country.”
In Vanilla Ice’s “Ice Ice Baby,” he says, “To the extreme I rock a mic like a vandal, light up a stage and wax a chump like a candle.”
And “Yankee, Hotel, Foxtrot” is repeated over and over in the song “Poor Places”, off the Yankee, Hotel, Foxtrot album.
Not quite what the OP is asking for, but not completely unrelated…
The album Houses of the Holy by Led Zeppelin takes its name from the song Houses of the Holy, which also contains the lyric…but the song does not appear on the album. Although it was recorded with the intent of being the ‘Title Song’ for the album, the band decided it didn’t fit musically, so it didn’t appear on record until their next album, Physical Graffiti.
Similarly, the Door’s “Waiting for the Sun” was named after a song they recorded but left off the album. It later appeared on Morrison Hotel
That’s another category: albums with a “title song” that isn’t included on the album. Other examples: ELP’s Brain Salad Surgery, the Mothers of Invention’s Absolutely Free, Captain Beefheart’s Safe as Milk. Elvis Costello had a linked pair: the title song of Almost Blue turned up on Imperial Bedroom, and the title song of Imperial Bedroom was the B-side of a single.
Iron Maiden, “Piece of Mind” is spoken in the song “Still Life”.
Judas Priest, “Sad Wings of Destiny” and “Sin After Sin” are spoken in the song “Genocide”.
AC/DC, “Blow Up Your Video” is spoken in the song “That’s The Way I Wanna Rock 'n Roll”.
The Strokes’ “Reptilia” is from the album Room on Fire and contains the lyric, “The room is on fire as she’s fixing her hair”.
Mumford and Sons’ EP, Love Your Ground, has a ‘secret track’ stuck on to the end of the last track called “Sister”, with the lyric “If you want to be alive then learn to love your ground”.
Tangentially, The Tallest Man on Earth has a song called “The Gardener” which has a lyric “so I could stay the tallest man in your eyes”. He does have an eponymous EP but that song isn’t on it.
The examples I can think of are movie soundtracks with various artists.
Phil Collins, Against All Odds, “Take a Look At Me Now”
The Beach Boys, Cocktail, “Kokomo”
Carley Simon, The Spy Who Loved Me, “Nobody Does It Better”
Along these lines, the Smithereens’ debut album was entitled *** Especially For You.*** But their song “Especially For You” appeared on their second album Green Thoughts.
Oh yeah, and the Kinks’ Everybody’s in Show-Biz, which is a lyric in the song “Celluloid Heroes”.