Spiro Agnew and Watergate question

I have heard Spiro Agnew was basically like the Mike Pence of the 1970s, and was considered Nixon’s best insurance policy - That was part of why Nixon kept him as VP for 1972 even though he wanted John Connally. I have also heard that Nixon picking Gerry Ford as VP to replace Agnew was one of his worst strategic errors, as most Congressmen on both sides of the aisle loved Gerry and this only gave greater impetus to impeaching Nixon. Whereas Nixon thought people would dread the thought of a Ford Presidency and Ford’s presence as VP would save him.

Suppose that Agnew had no scandals, and didn’t have to resign as Vice President in 1973. Would Nixon then have survived Watergate? I mean, would the Democrats in Congress have went after the scandal as zealously as they did in 1974, knowing that if they got rid of Nixon, they’d have a President Agnew?

I don’t think Nixon’s decision to keep Agnew as VP for the 1972 election had anything to do with protecting himself from impeachment/resigning because Watergate didn’t even start to break until long after that decision (and the election).

Would it have made a difference if he were still VP? I don’t know. Congress could have impeached both and as Carl Albert (D) was Speaker of the House at that time, it might have made the Democrats (who controlled both houses) more eager to impeach and convict.

Assuming the hypothetical in the OP, that Agnew was scandal-free, what reason would the House have for impeaching him?

Where did you hear all this? From your grandpa’s weird neighbor at the old folks home or a BBC dcumentary?

Agreed.

I was in high school at the time so my political senses, though sorta precocious, were still pretty immature.

IMO the OP is blather from end to end. I don’t know where he got that drivel, but it was from the same kind of people who think Trump makes sense.

Spiro Agnew was a Republican governor from a state that had only had two Republican governors in the previous 50 years. He was actually considered to be more moderate than the Democratic candidate. Before that, he was the first Republican Baltimore County Executive in the 20th Century. He was the son of an immigrant, a Bronze Star veteran of both World War II and Korea, and put himself through night school.

In other words, he was a completely middle of the road, safe choice. He had no particular views of his own and was perfectly content to spew out whatever vitriol William Safire wrote for him that week. A non-corrupt Agnew would have been popular among Nixon’s base, considered a good soldier, loyal to Nixon’s policies, and neither insurance nor bait when it came to impeachment.

But Agnew was corrupt, and Nixon picked Ford for VP precisely because Ford was liked and respected by both parties. It was October 1973. Watergate by then had become an all-consuming issue in Washington. Agnew resigned on October 10, Nixon nominated Ford on October 12, and the Saturday Night Massacre took place on October 20. In mid-November, the courts ruled against Nixon’s firing of the special prosecutor. The Democratic leadership told Nixon they’d approve Ford, and pointedly refused to make that assurance for anyone else. By the time Congress ratified Ford in December, it’s unlikely Nixon could have gotten anyone other than Ford approved.

Spiro Agnew is much misunderstood. He went from being president of his local PTA to vice-president in something like five years. Nobody had a faster ride to the top. Further, Agnew was a moderate who played a right-wing guy on TV. Most interesting is that he (as Veep) was nominally in charge of the Apollo program. A big fan of space, I am sort of convinced we would be on Mars had he become president.
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By the way, his scandal was pretty pediatrician. As governor of Maryland he took bribes from road contractors. One of the contractors went to Agnew’s office in the Old Executive Office Building, he came out, saw the White House and realized he had just paid off the Vice President. He then went to the FBI.

Or so I remember it.

The idea that Nixon chose Agnew as impeachment insurance isn’t a new one. I remember hearing it back when the two men were in office.

The same idea was floated over George H.W. Bush’s choice of Dan Quayle. I suggested in a recent thread that Roosevelt might have chosen Wallace for this reason. Obviously, no President is going to admit to doing this.

I don’t Pence as an example of this. I’m sure many people, even Democrats, see Pence as a more acceptable President than Trump.

Having mentioned Bush, here’s a historical trivia note: He was the Republican Party’s first choice to replace Agnew. But Nixon didn’t like Bush; he saw Bush as the kind of rich Republican Party insider that Nixon felt had always had it in for him. And he felt the same way about Nelson Rockefeller, who was the party’s second choice. So he chose Ford, who was third on the list.

There is a variant of the OP’s scenario quoted in the wiki article on Agnew:

The quotes are attributed to Kissinger’s and Ehrlichman’s volumes of memoirs.

Presuming you mean “pedestrian”, that’s not quite true.

Spiro Agnew was accused of accepting more than $200k in bribes over the time he had been Baltimore County Executive, the Maryland Governor, and later Vice-President (the kickbacks were still rolling in). There were at least two contractors who alleged to have paid him bribes/kickbacks. While he pled “no contest” to a single charge of failure to report income of about $30K, in return for his resignation from the Vice-Presidency, he eventually paid the full sum of $260K plus to the State of Maryland to settle a related civil suit.

He’s lucky he was the V-P at the time, or he would have been prosecuted and sent to prison.

Agnew was a pawn. He had to go to allow impeachment to continue, and Nixon standing in the way of his ouster would have been more grounds for impeachment, and he probably thought he could offer up Agnew as a sacrificial lamb to put an end to the Watergate affair. Nixon couldn’t trust Agnew to carry through a pardon deal and he wanted him out.

I used to have a book called the ‘The Wit and Wisdom of Spiro T. Agnew’. The pages were all blank save for a forward that ended with the statement “When small men cast big shadows the sun is going down”.

Several different Nixon biographies and a few different books on Watergate.

Nixon wanted to dump Agnew in 1972. Do you dispute this?

Do you dispute that Agnew was seen as a right-winger, even if he wasn’t actually such?

Do you think both the counterculture, and Democrats in Congress, would have preferred a President Agnew to a President Nixon?

Where did you hear all this? From your grandpa’s weird neighbor at the old folks home or a BBC dcumentary?
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I’ll give you a few bits from a recent article in The Atlantic:

"Nixon initially chose him in 1968 because, as a moderate governor from a border state, he had both supported the civil-rights movement and made several tough-on-crime speeches. After the election, however, Nixon lost interest. He was eager to dump Agnew from the ticket when he ran for reelection in 1972, but he couldn’t. By then the vice president, with his attacks on the press and the political elites, had become a darling of a different faction: conservatives. Had Nixon retained the right’s support during his first term, this wouldn’t have been a problem. But his decision to open relations with Communist China, in addition to his support for a raft of liberal social and economic policies on the domestic front, soured his relationship with conservatives. By 1972, they were in open revolt, even running a protest candidate in the primaries, Ohio Representative John Ashbrook. Nixon needed Agnew—not to govern, but to campaign. So Agnew stayed. Nixon’s desire to dump Agnew stemmed from his belief that Agnew was too ineffectual for the office he held. The irony is that, thanks to Nixon, the responsibilities of the vice presidency had grown considerably by the time Agnew entered the office. Constitutionally, the vice president’s role was legislative, not executive. To the extent that vice presidents did anything in the pre-World War II era, it happened over in the Congress, where the vice president served as the president of the Senate, casting tie-breaking votes and certifying electoral-college counts.

…"But all of this was secondary to a larger issue with Agnew: He wasn’t very good at being an executive vice president. He was too buddy-buddy with the Secret Service, too undisciplined with his staff. And for Nixon, this was a huge problem. “Everybody else raises points about Agnew, raises them for reasons that are wrong,” he told Ehrlichman and Haldeman. “I mean, taking on the press is fine, doing his political chores are fine, alliteration’s fine. But goddamn it, [pounding the desk] if he can’t run a staff, he cannot be in this office.”

Balitmore Sun: "In the process, Agnew made himself the darling of conservative Republicans, who never really warmed to Nixon. However, Agnew became such an irritant to the inner circle — Ehrlichman once complained that he “couldn’t be programmed to leave a burning building” — that the trio soon was plotting to dump him from the GOP ticket in 1972. Nixon for a time yearned to replace him with Treasury Secretary John Connally, but finally abandoned the notion in the face of a likely Senate confirmation fiasco. In several conversations caught on the White House tapes, Nixon talked of the possibility of removing Agnew from the direct line of presidential succession by appointing him to the Supreme Court! Cooler heads finally prevailed and it was decided dumping him would unduly aggravate the party’s right wing, and he stayed on the ticket.

“For a time, as the Watergate affair threatened to imperil the Nixon presidency itself, Nixon articulated on the tapes that Agnew’s continued presence as vice president was providing “an insurance policy” against Congressional action to impeach and remove the president himself. As Nixon put it, "No assassin in his right mind would kill me. They know if they did they would wind up with Agnew!

Or how about the NY Times, from November 29th, 1973?:
"WASHINGTON—**The choice of Gerald Ford to be Vice President is, of all Mr. Nixon’s personal political decisions, both the worst and the best he has ever made. Worst because Ford as Vice President will prove fatal to Mr. Nixon’s efforts to retain the Presidency; best in that the country in the weeks and months ahead will see the end of the nightmare of the Nixon Presidency and a transition of power into a Ford Presidency that is both honest and competent.

This view continues to gain weight here in Washington as political observers watch with grim satisfaction as the Nixon tragedy plays itself out. While it is impossible to foresee the ending—resignation, impeachment or physical disability—the President’s portion of the chessboard has been swept clean of defenders, with the exposed king scrambling frantically, and vainly, to save himself. President Nixon cannot survive in office much longer, and Michigan’s Gerald Ford will be America’s next President.**

While he was Vice President,** Spiro Agnew’s greatest value to Richard Nixon was as an insurance policy. It was impossible to seriously consider removing Mr. Nixon with Mr. Agnew the alternative President. Thus, Mr. Agnew’s sudden resignation from the Vice‐Presidency placed Mr. Nixon in jeopardy though I doubt this was realized in the White House. By stepping down, Mr. Agnew suddenly made Mr. Nixon’s removal from office possible.
**
**As long as the Vice‐Presidency remained vacant, however, President Nixon was secure. Congressional Democrats had no desire to maneuver any Democrat into the Presidency and give the impression of “stealing” the 1972 election, and Carl Albert, Speaker of the House, gave every sign of dreading the prospect that the job might fall to him. What Congressional Democrats feared most was a new Vice President who would become an unbeatable Republican Presidential nominee in 1976. Jerry Ford would be an ideal caretaker President—an adequate, politically nonthreatening choice. Despite a conservative voting record, he is considered a decent, competent and thoroughly likable member of the club. Jerry Ford, then, is clearly not a Spiro Agnew, and as Vice President, he is a viable and attractive alternative to Mr. Nixo
**

The answer to your latest post is yes, Nixon wanted to replace Agnew as VP candidate, but not for the reason in the OP that is was impeachment protection. The latter part of your latest post is all from after the election.

Let’s remember Ike was very close to replacing Nixon as a VP candidate in '56.

I definitely remember a bumper sticker from the time that said “SHOOT AGNEW FIRST.”

It was the 1952 election. Nixon had been receiving illegal donations and Eisenhower considered dropping him from the ticket. Nixon responded with what became known as the “Checkers speech” and won enough public support that Eisenhower kept him.

Simple facts make the assertion in the OP ludicrous. In 1972, there was no reason to believe that President Nixon would be removed from office (other than by assassination). Therefore, the assertion that Nixon kept Agnew as protection from impeachment is nonsense.

Agnew was a lightweight, in Nixon’s opinion. He did not think Agnew had what it took to be elected President. Nixon had frozen Agnew out of almost any policy-making role in the White House well before 1972; indeed, he and Haldeman are recorded as having discussed ways to get Agnew to resign (preferably by having him move on to some job he wanted that could be manufactured for him). But Agnew had made a name for himself as Nixon’s attack dog, and as a result, was popular with conservatives (despite the fact that Agnew himself was relatively liberal in viewpoint). So Nixon went ahead with Agnew on the ticket.

Nixon did quip to Ehrlichman that Agnew was an insurance policy, because no assassin would attempt to kill Nixon, knowing Agnew would become President. This, of course, can hardly be considered evidence that Nixon kept Agnew to insure himself from removal from office.

As for what would have happened in 1974 had Agnew still been VP, my take is that nothing would have changed. Nixon had become such a liability, that ANY person would have been better in the office.

Why? The crimes that Nixon eventually faced impeachment over had already occurred and the investigation had begun.

Granted, the initial decision to choose Agnew had been made back in 1968. But I think it’s reasonable to assume Nixon knew his own nature enough to know he was probably going to commit some impeachable offenses while in office.

You’re confusing the two points. Nixon kept Agnew on against his own desires in 1972 because Agnew brought conservative support to the ticket.

Read the article from Nov 1973. The general sentiment even then at least among the Fourth Estate was that Agnew, by the time Watergate became an issue (in 1973) was one of Nixon’s buffers against impeachment. Nixon thought that Ford might be a safeguard against impeachment because Nixon considered Ford to be basically stupid, and he wrongfully thought that Congress would rather have him in office than Gerry Ford if it came down to it. The article from the actual time period notes how Nixon made a grave strategic error in choosing Ford, and it notes that Agnew being VP could’ve been a deterrent to impeachment.