When I was in law school, before the final our profs took the following cheater-preventative steps:
Removed any electrical device from your person. You checked your purses, backpacks, etc. at the front of the room with the proctor. You were not permitted to take a seat if you had with you anything other than writing utensils and any permitted aids.
Blue books were provided. Sealed blue books.
There were a minimum of 4 versions for every final. These varied not in content but rather in organization. Same questions, different orders and/or different answer orders for multiple choice.
If you were in the “using a laptop” contingent, the school thoughtfully provided a laptop for you. One of the laptops the library owned and loaned out to students. It was provided at random, and carefully stripped by an IT personage before the exam. You could not leave the room without handing the disk with your exam on it to the proctor, who printed it immediately. If your disk got corrupted, everyone was very sad, but you failed. It was a clearly specified risk of using a laptop instead of a pen and paper.
Still we had at least one fella who attempted to cheat. The prof he tried it on was the single biggest hard ass at the school. This is the prof who evicted not one, not two, but eleven students from his classes (for the class period - not the term) for possessing a cell phone that rang during class. His rules for the final were that you were permitted to use any notes or outlines you, personally, prepared by hand. Actually not a bad deal at all. If you were prepared to handwrite out the entire text and case books you were welcome to bring that to class. No printouts allowed (unless you followed his rigorous procedure for preventing cheatage).
Some nimrod brought a bound book. Which announced in bright yellow letters that it was an “Immanuel’s Guide To Contracts Law! Everything a Student Needs To Pass!”. Still shrink wrapped.
The professor sat at the front of the room, watched him unwrap it and start to use it to answer questsions. After 5 minutes, the prof stops the testing and announces loudly to the room “Mr. X, what is that you’re using as a testing aid?”
Mr. X looks the prof in the eye and says it’s his class notes. :rolleyes:
The prof leans over and picks up the shrink wrap from the floor where Mr. X has deposited it and says “Please rise, Mr. X.” then turns to the class and announces “Mr. X has just failed this course. In compensation for your time being wasted in this fashion, I will extend the length allowed for this exam by 10 minutes. Resume, please.”
Mr. X is marched out the door. Protesting his innocence loudly.
At an assembly later that day (which all of us were required to attend - including Mr. X) it was announced Mr. X was expelled and his behavior reported to each and every state bar association along with his social security number.