Varying color perception deficiencies are well documented, but by the same token, it would seem plausible that some people might have better than average (however that might be defined) color perception. Any research in super color vision?
I’ve heard that people with lens implants can see further across the spectrum than they originally could, the result of more wavelengths getting through the new intraocular lens.
http://starklab.slu.edu/humanUV.htm
Certainly if you count the use of cones as well as rods, humans have some degree of tetrachromaticity. Some folks might be better at it than others:
In addition, humans have a limited ability to sense polarized light. Look up Haidinger’s Brush some time. I can see it, i’ve found. Again, I suspect there’s a range of sensitivity to this, and have considered writing a story about some Viking who was good enough that he could use it for navigation.
Here’s a test for tetrachromacy. I feel like I’m doing one of those 3-D puzzles (which I have never been able to see). 
I swear that “black lights” sometimes hurt my eyes, but no one believes me. 
I feel the same thing. I’m not sure what the mechanism is, but even looking at “safe” long-wavelength light can make my eyes hurt. Looking at short wavelength ones can lead to temporary or permanent damage. Someone I knew had the former – temporary bumps (blisters?) on his eyes that made closing his lids feel like sandpaper was in there, and giving colored haloes to everything.
But “feeling the hurt” isn’t the same as being able to see in the UV.
You are absolutely correct. I apologise for my one liner. I did not mean to imply that I “saw” UV, just that it hurt my eyes.
No “image” is forming in my mind (no data from the optic nerve), but never-the-less, I experience discomfort as if I were looking at a bright visible-wavelength light source.
However, I have never been accompanied by someone who also experienced the discomfort at that time. So, somehow, I am different, so I was wondering the same thing as expressed by the OP… Are the receptors or lenses in my eyes a tad different? It’s no super hero power. (Dammit)
It’s kind of hard to see how you could test for four-color vision using a computer monitor with only a three-color display. Can someone enlighten me?
By Mark Kyrnin, About.com Guide
I agree. As far as I know, every color on the LCD corresponds to a very specific RGB coordinate, and no other RGB coordinate can make that same color. I think in order to test for polychromacy, you would need multiple coordinates to map to the same color.
I don’t know that you would need a five color display to test for pentachromacy.
This does not solve the problem posed by Quercus. You still only have one way to map to any color.
That is so cool!
I have seen the polarized light in a deep blue sky through polarized sunglasses, but I never knew that it is possible to see this without the glasses.
I did a bit of experimentation of staring at my LCD monitor on a white page, then rotating my head, and I saw the vaguest image of the blue/yellow.
The fact that the yellow always is side-to-side and blue top-to-bottom makes it clear that this isn’t wishful thinking. When the monitor is sideways (mine rotates), I see the same extremely vague image, rotated appropriately.
I noticed that the one I see is like their top image (blue in the vertical), not the blue-on-the-sides simulated Wikipedia page they have further down. I assume that means that an HP L1925 monitor is polarized in the opposite direction from the one they were using for their simulation.
The paint industry and perhaps others use tests that sort out those better able to match colors. I do think the trend is to machines.
I actually suspect this is like the color squant. I’ll not say any more, just check out the link.
It doesn’t, and the fact that this article suggests that scientists have discovered a new primary color leaves it suspect. Primary colors are simply the vertices that define the gamut in color space. You can have as many primary colors as you like. I used to have a printer with five primary colors.
However, as I was saying, if you had a screen with four primary colors you could then make a subset of colors with more than one combination of the primary colors. Seeing the difference would require tetrachromacy.