Broadly, I’m sure there are exceptions or things I am unaware of:
North American model - I don’t know as much about Canada, but I understand there are more similarities than differences (their public lands are called crown lands, and are treated slightly differently). Has mostly been wildly successful, there are more whitetail deer now than any time in history, including before European contact. Hunters and anglers pay tons of money to do the work of conservation, and the state governments carefully monitor population levels and habitat using that money. Poaching still occurs, but compliance is overall high and consequences of breaking the law are high.
There are [del]two[/del] (three, thanks bump) sub-categories in the US. In the west (roughly Montana down to New Mexico, and everything west of that, including Alaska. Not sure how the Dakotas work), there is tons of public land, and big game and turkey is mostly a lottery system, you pay for a chance at actually getting a tag. In the east you often need permission to hunt land or own it yourself, and in some cases they will give tags to anyone who asks because deer populations are very high (other species might have restrictions). Texas has unprotected pigs as mentioned, but they also have private high-fence game preserves, often with imported African game. For these, the process is similar to Africa (and $$$).
Africa, which is mostly the southern part of the continent. People pay high dollars to hunt in most cases. The benefits to the local economy can be great, but it also depends on government stability and level of corruption - Namibia probably gets more benefit than Zimbabwe. In many cases the animals are “wild” - they are surrounded by fences that they can’t cross, albeit the areas are very large. In some cases (like with rhinos) they tell you which one you can hunt, and hopefully carefully monitored. In other cases it’s sort of an a la carte menu (Impala? That’s $2000. Wildebeest? $6000).
The local people make sometimes less than 1000x the cost of a hunt in a year, so they don’t hunt. Poaching occurs if the costs for doing so are low and the reward high, and this cases an order of magnitude more damage than any number of managed legal hunters do. They are sometimes criticized for being pure trophy hunters who don’t even eat the meat, but as I understand it you can’t take the meat to the US - concerns about parasites etc. So it’s usually donated to the local people, and parts are enjoyed while there.
European model - maybe I should say parts of Europe, I think the Nordic countries might be more free than the UK. Game is privatized: landowners have a right to animals on the land (and IIRC their meat), so back in the day the king had exclusive right. Now it’s often seen as an upper class thing (pheasant and quail hunters with $2000 shotguns and tweed. Fox hunting!) Robin Hood is now known for stealing physical property from the rich, but he was also a poacher. Market hunting destroyed American animals like buffalo, so now it’s illegal to sell game meat. All venison you get in US restaurants are farmed, usually red deer from Australia or NZ, or possibly US farmed whitetail. In Europe, this may not be the case.
It seems to have a larger emphasis on hunting as a sport than as a means to get meat (that you happen to enjoy).
Australia and NZ have tons of feral animals. Pigs, deer, goats, etc. NZ has zero predators and Australia only has dingoes, who aren’t the apex predators as much as wolves are. The imported animals threaten native fauna and flora. So native animals still have protections, but ferals are fair game, with limited or no protections. The environmental solution is to kill 'em.
And some places might disallow it completely, but of course there’s an exception if you’re well heeled.
I hope I didn’t make any mistakes. I’m not a lifetime hunter and haven’t done a whole lot of big game. I think the North American model is the best one that’s been tried (AusNZ is fine but out of necessity). I have my own issues with the ethics of some of these other types of hunts, but I think abandoning hunts completely is the wrong solution. It’s not easy to wrap your head around the concept that hunting can be good for the population if you’re not acquainted to it. But you have to give the majority of hunters some credit - they don’t want to kill the last animal, but want to preserve it for future generations. There are of course asshole exceptions, but they are a minority. I wish Ted Nugent wasn’t the most prominent hunter (of mostly non-wild fenced in animals), there are better representatives.