CB:
Here goes:
The Standard Model of Quantum physics gives us six quarks and six leptons, and their antiparticles. It also gives us eloctromagnetism, the strong force, the weka force, twelve force carrying particles and gravity.
We are about 99% sure that we live in what is called a “flat universe.” What does this mean?
Well, the Big-Bang gives us 3 possibilities.
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THe universe keeps expanding forever.
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The mass of the universe slows down the expansion. Eventually gravity contracts it back to the Big Crunch, and the whole thing starts over again. Big bang, Big Crunch. Big bang, Big crunch. Ad infinitum. This is an example in which the universe needs no Causer. It just always was. Hard to imagine, but no harder to imagine than a God that "just always was and had no cause. Agreed?
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We have a “flat universe.” This means it has just enough mass that it expands and cools. The expansion slows down and eventually stops but doesn’t contract. The mass is just the perfect amount to balance it between Infinite expansion, and Big Crunch.
Why is #3 the preferred explanation?
William Guth discovered the influence of a non scalar field during the inflationary phase of the Big bang. This is when the universe went from the size of 10 to the negative 15 meters (much less than a proton)to the size of a golf ball. THis took about 10 to the negative 33 seconds or so. This is today called the Higgs field. The action of the Higgs field would constrain a type 1 or 2 universe to immediate anhiliation (oversimplification here.) We are left with type 3.
So what is this Higgs field that makes the universe what it is?
Well, it existed before the Big Bang.
How could it do that if nothing existed before the Big bang?
Like this:
Say you carry a rock to the top of the Eiffel tower. You have imparted the rock with kinetic energy. If you drop it off, it will give back that energy when it falls and hits the ground.
Before you carry the rock up the tower there is only potential for energy.
The Higgs field is the same way. It is a potential for energy, a possible channel for it to follow.
We know this field exists and always has because of the existence of mass. If things were massless they could travel at the speed of light like photons. The basic force carrier of mass, the Biggs-Bosun imparts this mass, like you, lugging a rock to the top of the Eiffel tower.
Use another simile. The Higgs field is like a piece of wood. It has pathways like the grain of wood along which particles can travel. Higgs Bosuns provide “drag” for lack of a better word against particles travelling along these planes. Drag slows you down. Decelleration produces mass. You have weight because the particles of your body are being constantly decellerated from travelling at the speed of light.
In the timeless time before the Big Bang these potentialities still existed within the Higgs field. We even had virtual particles creating and anhiliating themselves spontaneously along the pathways of the Higgs Field. What we didn’t have were any Plank Mass or particles (really really super high energy.)
However an infinity of timelessness breeds certainty for even the most infinitly improbable event to occur.
During the infinity of timelessness while protons and anti-protons and such spontaneously spawned and anhiliated each other, a particle and antiparticle of Planck mass (almost infinite) formed along the pathways of the Higgs field (as it eventually must), decayed, and began mutual anhiliation.
Now symmetry HAS been disproven. That means that these particles did not have identical mass. One massed a mere fraction of a tenth of a billionth of a percent more than the other. After anhiliation, this is what was left over (and what our universe is formed of. This mass then poroceeded through inflation (which I’ve already described)and the rest of the Big Bang ending up with you and me typing on message boards.
Now I’ve done some gross oversimplification, and attempted to describe events best described through math (which I’m still struggling with.) but that’s essentially what happened. Some of the details may be wrong, but the essential overview is on the nut.
Now, it is entirely possible that God got tired of waiting, and pushed the particles of Planck Mass along the lines of the Higgs field and into existence, but it is not needed for it to have occured, and there is absolutely no valid reason to suppose that She has done so.
Perhaps she did do it. If God herself didn’t, then it still would have happened by itself anyway.
No cause or causer necessary. It’s all in the potentialities of the Higgs field.
For more info, consult Einstein, Rutherford, Bjorken, Friedman, Gellmann, Glashow, Kendall, Planck, Ting, Lederman, and thousands of others upon whose intellect I stand, and badly describe the fruit of their labors.
“Don’t just stand there in Uffish thought!”
-The Caterpillar