It’s call Multiplicity.
Shoot, anybody with a Xerox machine knowed that!
“Catastrophic” means more like, the rats became mutated killing machines, destroying everyone in the lab. Or EXPLODED! Not, died at birth.
That sounds like a huge success, to me, that they managed to go 58 generations before it got catastrophic.
It is also called “at least one episode of almost every SF series”.
https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/CloneDegeneration
Aphids and a good number of other animals ( Amazon molly fish, Hydras, etc)reproduce thru parthenogenesis or cloning and it seems like aphids have been pretty successful over the last 250 million years.
They have probably just been lucky so far. Let’s see how they are going 250 million years from now.