If you go walking on a coastal sand bar, after the tide goes out, on the margins you will see a ripple pattern in the sand. These ripples are caused by wave action-are they always the same width and height? If so, why?
The ripple size depends on grain size and water flow. See here:
There’s a sectiojn on Sand Ripples in Jearl Walker’s Flying Circus of Physics (section 2.110), but I don’t have my copy here: http://flyingcircusofphysics.com/News/NewsDetail.aspx?NewsID=54 (Look for “Sand Ripples”
Thanks!
I walk along Lake Michigan several times a week - the ripples on the beach and under water vary tremendously from day to day.
I suspect wind (direction and strength) to be the primary culprit.
Generally speaking, ripple size is a function of grain size, wave height and water depth.
With an increase in these, say in a historic flood event, the landforms created can be enormous.
Thanks for the links-BTW-is the “angle of repose” for a pile of particles always the same? Piles of crushed stone always seem to be stable at the same angle.