A lot of people objecting, and objecting, on the basis of it just doesn’t work?
I'll tell you. This is something that probably, you know -- it's one of those things my mother should never hear. There is the notion of some of these techniques -- and I do believe this -- just first of all, being immoral. There is a moral check on this. The other is that you don't want to engage in techniques and tactics like this, with an adversary, that might then in result cause those who capture our service people and our folks -- for it to be, then, condoned and used on them. **Lastly, and perhaps most importantly, we didn't believe it worked.
So if you really get down to the brass tacks, if these are strategies that we feel are not effective in eliciting accurate and reliable information, why would you risk all the other potential consequences, to include, justifiably, the moral argument? It's just not what we do as a country, and a nation.**
What SERE was designed to do was to provide training and opportunities for these folks and again, I'm not a SERE psychologist; I never served with SERE -- but to expose them to a variety of different environments and situations that would build their resiliency should they be captured. And it's done in a very controlled setting by highly trained professionals, and it is a I think been proven to be a critical asset in anyone's training who deploys into hostile territory.
The idea of using those techniques, then, in the interrogation setting, where you're in an uncontrolled setting, where the goal is not to build resiliency but to elicit information, because during a controlled setting with students those techniques were found in a mock exercise to elicit information. Again, without getting into detail, you can understand there's a very different context here. "I know I'm a student, I know that this is controlled, I know they're not going to hurt me, I know they're not going to kill me, I know that I've got to get through this exercise and how much of this am I going to really, you know, how much of this is really real?" Vice, when I take those techniques that I was using in a controlled setting with a detainee, you know, who has -- the purpose is to use them to elicit information. And the techniques themselves, which I think what we began to see in terms of some of the techniques, you know, where people were humiliated -- those aren't SERE techniques for all intents and purposes.
It led to this, what we call, "drift", and that was something also that we've spoken quite a bit about, I have, and Dave has, and I know Alberto Mora has, in regards to, when you begin to give some permission for the use and in this case, in my opinion, the inappropriate use of -- inappropriate application of techniques in a context they were never designed for. Things are going to begin to get out of hand. You don't have the same controls in place that you have in a SERE school setting, so where is it going to go?
And that was the whole argument about the coercive tactics, is they began to come into place, especially with the insight and experience, probably not the experience and exposure I had, to seeing these young folks -- 18, 19, 20 -- who were up against considerable challenges, to do interrogations of, in some cases, difficult people who either didn't know anything, who didn't want to talk, and who you were talking with through an interpreter. It could be a pretty volatile situation. How do you then really institute the controls over these types of tactics? How do you demonstrate how long someone stands in a stress position? How long is sensory deprivation or isolation going to lead to some of psychological sequelae. You don't know, and we don't know.
But we knew that the idea was to elicit accurate and reliable information. And we didn't really think that these techniques were going to achieve the goal that we wanted, which was accurate and reliable information that could be presented in a court of law, whether that would be a tribunal or that would be a hearing of some or sort or in US court.
A SERE student, even totally stressed, knows that he’s not going to be killed. Could the detainees understandably fear that they were going to be harmed, if not killed?
I would imagine that they would have been quite frightened about what the potential outcome was. I don't know that I could ever surmise -- I guess some of them may have feared that they might have died; there was clearly probably a lot of stress. But, remember now, there were there were different levels of the SERE techniques.
But they led, I think, to the thinking that we could begin to develop and utilize more coercive tactics to more expediently elicit information. And in all fairness to the people who were doing that thinking, despite the fact that I didn't necessarily agree with them, in fairness, their goal was to protect America. Their goal was to stop a terrorist attack. We don't want to see thousands of Americans again die in a US city, and if this is what it was going to take, this is what we were going to do. Now, I wouldn't argue with the fact that all of us never wanted to see any American die again in a US city, let alone the fact that we pain whenever there's an American killed in Afghanistan or Iraq. However, we didn't believe that this was the appropriate approach. That's really what it comes down to.