In Biblical studies, the term “patriarch” is applied to figures from the book of Genesis, who are considered to be important in Hebrew scriptures. The narrow definition of the “patriarchs” is applied to three men: Abraham, his son Isaac, and his grandson Jacob, who are key figures in the “Abrahamic faiths” (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam). There is also a broader definition of “patriarch,” which is applied to the twenty male ancestor-figures between Adam and Abraham in the book of Genesis.
@kenobi_65, thank you for your play. I’ve wanted a better understanding of that term.
Christian Biblical patriarchs is a loose term, depending on context. While yes the patriarchs generally are considered to be Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, the term can also be applied to the 12 sons of Jacob. It can also be applied to the lineage from Adam to Abraham.
Listed from oldest to youngest, the 12 sons of Jacob they are:
Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun, Joseph, and Benjamin the youngest.
Their respective sons, these twelve sons of Jacob, are the known as the Twelve Tribes of Israel. Collectively, they and their descendants are known as the Israelites.
These 12 sons had 4 different mothers: Leah, Bilhah, Zilpah, and Rachel. Leah and Rachel were wives of Jacob, while Bilhah and Zilpah were concubines. Leah and Rachel were sisters.
◆ Jacob’s 6 sons through Leah were: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Zebulun
◆ Jacob’s 2 sons through Bilhah were: Dan, Naphtali
◆ Jacob’s 2 sons through Zilpah were: Gad, Asher
◆ Jacob’s 2 sons through Rachel were: Joseph, Benjamin
These are found in Genesis 35:22-26 {Bible Gateway link}.
Jacob also had one daughter mentioned in the Bible, Dinah. Dinah’s mother was Leah.
Patriarchs can also refer to the lineage from Adam to Abraham. Here, we have 20 generations:
Adam, Seth, Enosh, Kenan, Mahalalel, Jared, Enoch, Methuselah, Lamech, Noah, Shem, Arpach′shad, Shelah, Eber, Peleg, Re′u, Serug, Nahor, Terah, Abram (whose name later became Abraham when God called him).
From this, according to the verbal, oral tradition that after many generations was finally written down as the book of Genesis, there were 10 generations from Adam to Noah, and 10 from Noah’s son Shem to Abraham.
(For Noah’s son Shem, his descendants are known as the Shemites, or Semites.)
These genealogies are given in Genesis 5:3-29 (Adam to Noah {Bible Gateway link}), and in Genesis 11:10-26 (Shem to Abram {Bible Gateway link}).
The Patriarch of Alexandria (head of the Coptic Orthodox Church) is also called Pope. Just as the Roman Catholic Pope is the successor to St. Peter, the Patriarch of Alexandria is the successor to St. Mark.
Pope Benedict IX, born in 1012, first became Pope at the age of 20 in 1032, but his scandalous behavior resulted in him being driven out of Rome 12 years later. He was able to mount a comeback in early 1045 and reclaimed the title, only to sell it to his Godfather. Having second thoughts, he again claimed the title in 1047, but was forced to relinquish it the next year and was excommunicated in 1049. He died in 1056.
In various Christian traditions, godparents (godfathers and godmothers) are sponsors for a child’s baptism, who are also typically charged with assisting with the child’s spiritual growth, and generally serving as a mentor for the child. Godparents are usually not the child’s actual parents, and in the past, godparents were sometimes also the designated legal guardians for the child if the parents died.
In the Lutheran religion there are two sacraments: baptism, and communion. Both sacraments have a physical element: water for baptism, and bread and wine for communion. Other religions may have different number of sacraments.m, and not necessarily a physical element.
The method for pasteurizing grape juice, in order to prevent its fermentation (and transformation into wine) was developed in 1869 by Thomas Bramwell Welch, a member of a Methodist denomination which opposed alcohol use – Welch sought to create a reliable way to provide unfermented grape juice, rather than wine, for use in their communion sacrament.
During Prohibition, grape growers sold bricks of concentrated grape juice along with instructions on what not to do lest you accidentally make wine.
Despite the legend, Joseph Kennedy (father of JFK) did not make his money from bootlegging or smuggling. The rumor emerged because when it was clear probation was going to be repealed, he went to distilleries in the UK to arrange for contracts to deliver spirits to the US once repeal went into effect.
The Bronfman family, founders of Seagrams, made their money by selling liquor from “wholesale pharmacies” along the Canada-US border in Saskatchewan and Manitoba. Since prohibition was only illegal provincially, but not federally, it was not an offence to sell liquor across the border.
The Bronfmans reevaluated their business model when one of their in-laws, Paul Matoff, was shot dead in a train-station in Bienfait, Saskatchewan one night, while supervising a shipment.
The murder was never solved. The killers left his diamond stickpin in his tie.
[note: playing off “probation” which I assume was “prohibition”]
Edgar Bronfman, Jr., scion of the Bronfman family, took over as CEO of Seagram in 1994. Always fascinated by show business, he tried to move the family business into entertainment but ended up losing the family’s ownership of Seagram after a serious of disastrous decisions.
The Ontario Teachers Pension Plan is located in the Seagram’s building in New York City. It is one of the largest pension plans in the world.
Ontario is the only Canadian Province with access to four of the five Great Lakes. (The fifth, Lake Michigan, is wholly in the United States.)
Michigan is the only US state that has access to four of the five Great Lakes: Superior, Michigan, Huron, and Erie. The fifth Great Lake, Ontario, is accessible only from the state of New York.
(I just discovered this…)
Gov. Gretchen Whitmer, Democrat of Michigan, was reelected in November 2022 after a failed kidnapping plot against her. She has made the protection of women’s reproductive health rights a major focus of her second term, and has been mentioned as a possible candidate for President.
Between 1860 and 1968, Chicago played host to either the Republican or Democratic National Conventions twenty-four times, the most of any city. However, after the violence-marred 1968 Democratic convention, the city did not host a major political convention again until 1996, when the Democratic convention returned to the city. Earlier this month, it was announced that Chicago will be hosting the Democratic National Convention in 2024.
The 1968 Democratic Convention was marred by countless protests and clashes between demonstrators and the Chicago police, leading to claims of police brutality and reports of police misconduct in the press. Richard J. Daley, the Democratic mayor of Chicago at the time, in responding to these allegations and defending the actions of the police, uttered the following classic gaffe – “Gentlemen, get the thing straight once and for all – the policeman isn’t there to create disorder, the policeman is there to preserve disorder.”
-“BB”-
The Chicago Seven were group of political activists who were arrested for their antiwar activities during the August 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago, Illinois. A series of riots occurred during the convention, and eight protest leaders—Abbie Hoffman and Jerry Rubin, cofounders of the Youth International Party (Yippies); Tom Hayden, cofounder of Students for a Democratic Society (SDS); David Dellinger and Rennie Davis of the National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam (MOBE); and John Froines and Lee Weiner, who were alleged to have made stink bombs—were tried on charges of criminal conspiracy and incitement to riot. Bobby Seale, the only African-American and member of the Black Panther Party, was arrested with the group but was removed from them during the trial, to be tried separately later.
When the Democratic convention cam back to Chicago in 1996, some of the police officers had T-shirts printed:
“My Daddy whupped your long-haired Daddy’s ass, and I’m ready to do the same with you.”
Did not go over well.
Bill Clinton, Democrat of Arkansas, was reelected President in 1996, the first Democrat to be reelected after serving a full first term since FDR, sixty years before.