Of the groundhog day type, where, as Mr Worf puts it, time becomes a loop.
Star Trek TNG had two, Time Squared and Cause and Effect and I believe the original Twilight Zone had one involving a spaceship approaching a wreck of a similar looking ship.
This was the premise of the show “Day Break.” The entire season was the character looping through the same day over and over, gradually working out how to get through a few hours each episode without getting killed, kidnapped, or arrested.
The looping episode “Window of Opportunity” from Stargate: SG-1 is probably my favorite. Their no-consequences shenanigans are top-notch, and they go through a lot of them really quickly.
Poor Teal’c, though–what a way to start the day, every day, for a very long time.
The second season of the Haruhi Suzumiya anime was one big Groundhog Day loop. (Well, not the whole season, just 8/14 episodes.) The fandom was less than pleased.
Xena: Warrior Princess had a pretty good one. I rather liked the scene where after endless cycles of Joxer showing up in the morning and waking her up in his typically irritating style, she just killed him with a thrown chakram and went back to sleep with a smile on her face. And: <after discovering the whole problem is due to a guy praying to the gods for a hero to stop something that happened that day>
Xena: “So you prayed for me?”
Guy: “Well, no. I was actually hoping for Hercules. Or at least Sinbad!”
Also, Tru Calling had a similar premise. Eliza Dushku would jump back in time to prevent something bad. The series got better when Jason Priestly also jumped back in time to make sure the bad thing happened.
The one I immediately thought of was a Weird Science (the TV Show) episode where they get a remote control they can use to control time. It gets out of their control for a bit and rewinds, so they keep looping the same 15 minutes until they can figure out how to stop it.
Quantum Leap had an episode, “A Leap for Lisa,” where Sam’s actions caused an alternate history where Al was executed for murder and a different person (Edward St. John V, played by Roddy McDowell) takes his place as Sam’s guide until things straighten out.
Coupling did it in the episode “The Girl with Two Breasts,” but no time travel was involved; at a certain point the events were rewound and then shown from the point of view of another character.
“Nine and a Half Minutes” was another episode that rewound time, so we saw it from different characters point of view. One person’s inexplicable action in the first run-through would be explained when you saw it again, and things that were mysterious or even seemingly normal turned out to be extremely funny when shown in later contexts.
There was the excellent episode of Community where the group was gathered in someones apartment and the pizza man comes. They have some sort of contest to see who has to go get it, rolling a die perhaps? Then they show what would happen if each character was the one chosen to go. And Abed was somehow aware of the multiple time/reality streams.