Utility vs ideology in the health care debate

I was originally going to post this in this thread because reading it made me think about this issue, but I realized it wasn’t particularly on topic. Once my post was long and general enough, I decided to spin it off into its own OP. I’m not quite sure that I’ve laid out a clear cut issue to debate, but hit me with whatever thoughts you might have.

I find it interesting that so few people consider the health care debate from a utilitarian perspective, rather than an ideological one.

I’m a utilitarian at heart. My utilitarian conclusions have lead me to a set of views which, if you have to pigeonhole them, most closely resembles libertarianism. But I am not staunchly stuck to a particular set of ideological beliefs - I try to evaluate any view on its merits. In general, I think that government is bad at doing most things, and is often inherently a force of evil - so my conclusions often lead to advocating less government because I simply think that it’ll result in the best average utilitarian result for everyone.

But again, I do not start with an ideological premise that all government is bad. There are some things which clearly work pretty well when done by government - for example police forces, regulations to prevent fraud in the market, and our public road network. In the latter case, I have a hard time believing that a private alternative with a mish-mash of toll road systems with complex ownership rights agreements would have a better result than the very good road system we have. But some libertarians, more loyal to ideological extremes than utility or practicality, would advocate such a thing.

So when it comes to this debate, I try to ignore ideological arguments. I don’t think “people have the right to health care!” is a useful argument, nor do I think “fuck anything government run, simply because it’s government run” is either. I’m interested mostly in practical results, and what works on average best for society.

If we changed our health care system in a specific way, would we spend less of our GDP on health care (whether it came from the public or private sector)? Would our health outcomes improve or regress? Would there be secondary benefits or costs in other areas, like for instance a greater economic flexibility if people weren’t tied to their jobs for insurance reasons? Is preventative treatment was cheaper than letting everyone go to the emergency room when the problem becomes catastrophic? What are the economic benefits of a populace that doesn’t have to worry about delaying or passing on medical treatment due to the costs involved? These are the sorts of questions we should be debating, but rarely are. I’m willing to be won over on the merits of arguments and facts by either side. My mind can be swayed by real-world evidence and extrapolation of specific proposals. I don’t simply say “damn the facts, this is what fits my ideology!” - am I that rare?

I used to believe the propoganda/lies about how other industrialized nations had poor health care systems and how poor people died on waiting lists and all that, and I rejected arguments based on assumed rights to health care, so I was generally and fairly staunchly against government involvement in health care. But I learned that the reality is that countries that handle health care in the public sector seem to do about as well as us - worse at the high end, much better at the low end - for cheaper. The issue is more complicated than that- for example they have significant benefits as a free rider of the US paying for a significant fraction of medical innovation. But it certainly isn’t the catastrophe that opponents paint it as.

But it disturbs me that almost everyone attacks this issue from ideology without regard for the actual practical effects. On the conservative side, it often seems mean spirited to me - that some people would never be willing to accept their (perceived) lessers getting the same treatment as them, even if hypothetically they wouldn’t suffer at all. There’s some perverted fallacy of the just world going on in their thinking. They haven’t faced problems from medical issues, therefore they think that if anyone has, it must be their own fault. You’ll see threads where people acted completely responsibly - healthy lifestyles, had insurance, etc. - but their insurance found some way to deny them treatment and these people will come in and talk about how the person deserved it. How dare they be so irresponsible! And yet in these cases the person wasn’t even irresponsible - there’s just an assumption that bad outcomes must be from behavior and character attributes inferior to the person doing the criticizing. There’s a certain significant minority that actually becomes gleeful at what they perceive as the deserved suffering of others - and often their ideology tells them that if a person is suffering, then they must’ve done something to deserve it. What an evil worldview this sort of thinking results in.

Which isn’t to say that everyone who opposes any governmental involvement in health care is evil or purely driven by ideology, but arguing about the actual practical, utilitarian effects of policies seems to take up a disturbingly small amount of the conversation. To demonstrate this - we’ve had hundreds of pages of debate on this board about the subject - and how many of those posts have been about the merit of specific policies being proposed currently in the US? Rather than “is this particular policy (proposed as part of the reform bill in congress) a good idea?”, instead we delve off into general debates. “People have the right to health care!” “A government panel deciding if you were worthy of treatment would be horrible!” - the opponents of the reforms in particular almost entirely attack the straw idea that we’re going single payer a total government takeover and attack that on broad ideological terms rather than examining the specific policies under debate in congress.

This whole thing reminds me of a conversation I had with my (Glen Beck-watching) conservative friend. I pointed out some of the practical flaws of our current health system, like how being tied to a job for insurance complicated by pre-existing conditions reduces the mobility and flexibility in our economy. He just assumed that because I dared question the status quo, I must be one of those socialist types. I then pointed out that the nature of employer-provided health insurance wasn’t somehow the natural or obvious model for health care, but that it was a quirk of wage fixing in WW2 which gained momentum to eventually give us our current situation, and that government tax policy was actually responsible for the nature of our coverage. And then I advocated detaching the tax incentives for insurance to employment - an option that’s a step closer to the free market than our current system - and he worked himself into mental contortions to defend the status quo and actually talked about how it was good that the government set the ball rolling by coming in and creating the wage fixing in the first place. His ideological conservatism made him so afraid to deviate from the status quo that he reflexively attacked me even though I was advocating less government in health care than he was. This is a disturbing trend I see amongst conservatives - a reflexive, unthinking defense against anything that would cause any changes. I guess that’s part of the definition of “conservative” (although there are people who advocate generally conservative economic values without falling victim to this sort of thinking. This is part of the problem of thinking of political ideology as only a two-sided affair - there is not enough finesse to seperate different views).

Do we see as much of this ideology-over-utility in other debates? Certainly there’s some, but this debate seems to serve as a prime example where almost no weight is given to practical debate and almost all the debate comes in broad ideological terms that may or may not actually be relevant to the issues at hand.

And why do we engage in this sort of argument? My own guess is that it’s simply easier - to think critically about each issue, learn what you can, consider the evidence, and challenge your views is difficult. Utilitarianism that doesn’t match any particular ideology takes a lot of work. It’s much easier to view all issues as having two sides, broadly painted, and hitch your wagon to one. Blindly espouse the general ideology of your team and always attack that of your other team. Not much thinking involved in that case - but we all end up worse for the inelegant and conflicting solutions that stem from blind partisanship and overly broad adherence to ideology.

Maybe. In my blog, I did my best to identify health care spending differences between the US and other countries and where the extra is going and why (which I will link to below). As best I can tell, though it’s vague, the principal issue is that people don’t buy their own health insurance in the US. They get it as part of a package deal of whatever company they’re working for, and companies, trying to top one another, offer bigger and better deals to their employees than is actually necessary for just to keep people healthy. Hospitals and private practices, receiving this money then go and buy better, newer equipment that hasn’t yet gone down in price, they have pretty fountains in the courtyard, they put TVs in all the hospital rooms, and otherwise just make everything nicer, prettier, and more modern than you would find elsewhere.

If people were made to buy their own health care and each month when they wrote the check out to their insurance company they’re wondering how many years of their life they’re going to have added by paying this, rather than whether or not they’ll have a TV in their hospital room, you’ll start to see the prices drop to the same level as other nations.

Though, like I said, that is my speculative-yet-informed analysis. There are other places to cut spending, and other reforms that should almost certainly be done, but I’ll leave that to anyone who wishes to read my study.

Expanding coverage to all people not currently covered will, most likely, have only a minimum impact on average lifespan. More likely better eating habits would have a greater effect–not to mention saving Americans money.

I don’t consider ‘give health care to everyone’ to be an ideology, nor do I consider it the opposite of ‘government shouldn’t be involved in health care’.

The right wing argument that ‘government shouldn’t be involved in health care’ is an ideological argument. And so is the left wing argument that ‘government should have as much influence as possible in health care’. So on the right you have a desire to deregulate and privatize as much as possible, on the left you have new regulations and efforts to expand public health systems. When those 2 ideologies put themselves above desires to improve the quality of health care, you have a problem.

But the concept of giving everyone access to health care is not ideology, it is a moral argument. It is an argument based on a certain belief in individual worth and dignity ensuring a certain minimum standard of qualify of life. It is like saying ‘people are entitled to vote’. Its not the same thing as right/left ideology which places that ideology above human welfare. That is more of a statement of a certain basement level of human welfare people are entitled to.
As for health reform, I think a lot of people are more utilitarian than you might think. As a leftist, I’d be happy to support right wing and libertarian health reform ideas if there was a proven track record of them driving down cost and driving up quality.

In fact, that is a huge reason why so many of us on the left supported a public option. There is some ideology in there (leftists tend to want to expand government). However forcing private insurance companies to compete with each other and compete with a public option will drive down costs.

A strong public option would be 10% cheaper than private plans. Those private plans would have to compete to remain competitive, which would improve efficiency and drive down costs. The result is $110 billion in savings over 10 years.

http://www.jackandjillpolitics.com/2009/09/cbo-dropping-public-option-to-cost-110-billion/
So that is a right wing solution. Increase competition to drive up quality and drive down costs. I was fully in favor of that, as were most left wingers. And we were in favor of it from a utilitarian (as well as left wing ideology) perspective.

Same with support for single payer. It is a left wing ideology, but a couple of studies show it could save $300-400 billion a year in lower overhead. But even those solutions are tainted because you are arguably starting with the ideology, then finding a program that supports that ideology but is also utilitarian. I am sure there are tons of right wing solutions to the health care crisis that could work. But I haven’t read them yet.

Either way, I don’t agree that utilitarianism has not played a role in this health debate. It is just that true utilitarianism involves stepping on the toes of too many powerful people to ever work. So the only reform comes at the fringes. True reform would result in hundreds of billions a year in lower revenue for the pharma industry, private insurance industry and hospital industry. And it’ll never happen because of that. The only way democrats could get ‘any’ reform was if they stripped out the regulations that pissed off those industries. No public option, no single payer, no prescription negotiations, no reimportation from Canada.

X prize is running a competition to see who can increase the quality of health care and reduce costs the best. Results of that should be interesting.

10% is a “maximum possible” figure. 6% is the best guess answer.

Private insurers can only match that by being accomplish what the government can, namely forgoing profit and being able to offer a single package across all states–thereby minimizing state-by-state organizational needs.

The end result is that they can’t stay competitive at all, and simply end up dying.

Or, let’s consider that right now, average spending by medicaid and medicare is about the same as private insurance. This is because most of the clientele they already have is older and has higher insurance costs. So, simply, they can’t afford to offer a 10% less option to anyone because that doesn’t meet their current expenses. But they will, mandatorily, have to accept anyone who asks for insurance, regardless of their ability to pay. This means that everyone who has been rejected by private insurance goes to public, pays nothing there, thus requiring that taxes be levied to support it. Now we’ve got a significant voting block all receiving health care at the tax payers expense. Every politician who comes along saying that he’ll help improving the minimum standard of care to those poor sick folk can simply marginally boost the funding to public insurance, and he’s instantaneously got the elderly and the poor both voting for him. That’s a good what…40% of everyone?

I can’t say that this seems very safe.

As a utilitarian I think this would be a slam dunk for you. Every other industrialized country in the world has UHC, they all spend less than the US, and the majority of them have better outcomes. One of the arguments for Federalism is that the states can serve as test tubes to see what policies work. In this case we have overwhelming evidence from other countries that UHC is viable.

In the US, the evidence is also clear that private insurance is not more efficient than public. We can see this from comparing the overhead of private insurers to Medicare.

I agree that the “UHC is a right” argument is not a good one. We should do it because it works.

Neither UHC nor public insurance lowers the cost of health care. Countries which switched to UHC did not see a decrease in their spending, and the US is not the only country with private insurance, nor the only country with near or 100% private insurance.

Implying that what we are doing wrong is not having public UHC health care is simply wrong. If you support the current attempts to pass UHC expecting it to affect our spending in a positive manner, you are almost certainly going to be upset to find out that it does no such thing.

I’ll admit that when it comes to UCH, I trend idealogically. It just bothers me, and I worry about too much government control over my life. In the spirit of the OP, let’s fight this and my ignorance at the same time.

Setting my apprehension aside, it does seem to work; from what I have read and heard, countries that adopt UHC seem to cover their populations at a reasonable price. It would allow more flexibility in employment, and may be one of those things that government can provide better than a private entity.

But at what price? What doesn’t work? Is the US different - are we simply too large, too diverse to cover through a UHC program? Is it sustainable?

This is one of my most profound fears: UHC allowing more inroads into government control of personal choices. It’s trending that way in the UK it seems. What say the supporters of UHC?

While there are pros I can see as a not very fervent opponent of UHC, what are the cons supporters of UHC can see?

But the coungtry that did not switch saw an increase substantially more than inflation accounts for.

The difference, though, is that in a democracy we get to choose those who regulate us and the regulations they put in place. We do not have that control over private insurers. They can not cover smokers, or overweight people, or people with pre-existing conditions, or in areas of the the country that have higher than average healthcare costs. Outside of healthcare, companies can require drug screening, not employ smokers, do credit checks, make you shop in their store, keep records of what you buy, and many other things that violate our privacy.

I tend to lean towards ideology in political issues, but our current health care is in such a mess that there is no way to defend the current system along ideological grounds, as you (in the OP) discovered in your conversation with your friend. It’s now the worst of all possible worlds, something to offend the libertarians and socialists alike, a system that combines the higher prices of a government-run utility with non-universal access of a free system.

Any value system whatsoever is an “ideological lens”, but if we switch to a Utilitarian value system (maximize overall happiness, minimize suffering) in evaluating government policy, the case is pretty strong for Universal Health Care.

An estimated 45,000 people in this country die every year earlier than they otherwise would have because they lacked health coverage.

Approximately every one minute, someone declares bankruptcy because of health care costs. This works out to about half a million per year.

I have no idea how to practically measure units of happiness or suffering, but I can’t possibly imagine that the suffering caused to rich people being taxed slightly more outweighs the suffering that occurs to the uninsured and their families who die and go bankrupt. It seems like a no brainer to me from a utilitarian perspective. None of the proposed UHC plans would really put any real kind of crimp on the lifestyles of higher income earners, and the lower income folks would have greater peace of mind.

Sounds to me like your argument is ‘a public option is cheaper and more efficient, and private companies can’t keep up’. Why is that an argument against a public option? If Honda creates a car with great gas mileage, high reliability and that looks nice and is cheaper than a GM, GM can’t keep up. So GM will be forced to improve itself to remain afloat. That is why many of us supported a public option. It forces private insurance companies to improve themselves. Right now since health care is tied to employment and pre-existing conditions aren’t covered, they have no incentive to do that.

The public option was funded through premiums. And my understanding is it would’ve been independent of medicaid and medicare, but based on medicare negotiation rates. And with pre-existing condition bans, people wouldn’t be prohibited from joining private plans.

As it stands, the sickest of the sick already go onto public plans. Those over 65 are on medicare. People with severe chronic condition tend to end up on medicare, medicaid or state high risk pools. At the very least if you are extremely sick, you are probably too sick to have a job that offers health coverage.

Many people already have government insurance. Including the elderly and those in the military. They tend to vote conservative. However poor single mothers are covered by medicaid and SCHIP, and they vote liberal. So getting health care from the government doesn’t mean you are going to vote for one party or another.

No. The country which didn’t switch was already above other non-UHC countries. The rate of increase of spending for countries which switched from non-UHC to UHC did not change from before and after.

My argument is that preferring to save 5% when we need to save 50% is a rather bizarre goal. This isn’t a difference between public or private, since you can achieve that difference either way.

You can solve the issue of organization costs by standardizing the rules for health insurance across state lines. A 2-4% profit margin is hardly noticeable in real terms, while as shutting down the health insurance industry would result in the massive layoffs of millions of people, and private insurance has no risk of becoming politicized. Competition between insurers also seeks to maximize life expectancy per dollar spent, once people are actually shopping around for their own coverage and looking at the bottom line. A government solution doesn’t need to run actuarials and tests on new treatments to decide whether it’s profitable because they don’t need to win anyone over to their client pool.

Having hundreds of insurers in the US does add unnecessary expense, but we’d still rather have a half-dozen than just one.

I’ve heard the argument that one factor in the high costs here is the necessity of supporting high-end, cutting-edge diagnostics and treatments–you know, the sort of procedures for which (presumably only the rich) Europeans and Canadians flock here, being unable to get them at home. If true, this is the opposite of utilitarianism as I understand it, because it effectively supports a boutique or country-club model of care for a few–some of whom don’t even live here–at the cost of denying routine preventive and therapeutic care to many more.

Well, one’s measure of utility is tied to one’s moral beliefs, or “ideology.”

But I think the greatest utility, if one is trying to make health care more available & affordable, may be found in making better choices in two respects:

First & most important, if we want medicine to be generally available, we need to train enough physicians & open enough hospital space to meet demand. (Note that trained English-speaking physicians can find useful work in the entire global Anglophonie, including parts of Africa that have striking physician shortages.) My reading of history tells me this is probably more important than the structure of health insurance.

A libertarian’s theoretical approach might be to remove the power of Congress over the number of physicians trained by ending the payment of medical resident salaries by Medicare. Pragmatically, I don’t think that can pass (nor do I really think it should; it might actually hurt availability). So the best thing is probably for Congress to lift all caps on physician training & med school membership–even while continuing to pay their salaries! Better to pay for opening more med school classes now & get a reserve of trained MD’s than for the whole country–even a glut–than to suffer the economic effects of a physician shortage.

Secondly, & in the arena of health insurance, I am sure we need to move from the present “public-private mix”–wherein certain protected classes get public medicine, while the main body of the economy (paying taxes to supply this care) does not. The non-covered resent the covered & try to cut Medicare/Medicaid/VA funding, then those who are entitled to it cry, & nobody’s happy.

Looking at systems in place in the First World, Britain’s system seems to have a certain efficiency. There, everyone is entitled to a public system, but anyone can “top up” into private medicine at well. This is a better “public-private mix.” The public system acts as a check on the cost overruns of the private system, while the private system acts as a check on abusive behavior by the public system. Ergo, I suggest we build a Public Medicine Agency on this paradigm.

Theoretically. But really what it comes down to is how much added health value there is. Even when you budget there will still be some people who are the trendsetters and others who lag behind. But having everyone buy the newest and best means that they buy while the prices are still high, and probably get a very small increase in overall health because of that.

Boosting life by +1% out of 78 years for double the cost is silly. If you let people choose whether that’s worth it in the open market, I think you’ll find that they don’t.

From 2003-2006 the annual increase in healthcare spending is almost 7% in the US vs <5% in France and <2% in Germany. So not only are costs strikingly lower in the EU, the gap between what we pay and they pay is widening.

I look forward to your next attempt to deny the obvious.

How is this an obvious thing? If no other country which didn’t have UHC spent as much as the US and after switching to UHC their spending nor the rate at which their spending changed didn’t change, then why would you think that UHC is relevant to the issue?

If switching to UHC has never decreased spending for any other country on the planet, why do you think that it will decrease it for the US?

By what method, even, does extending coverage to more people even cut spending, might I ask?

All you’re pointing out is that every other country spends less than the US. But every other country spent less and had a lower rate of spending increase even when they weren’t UHC. All they did was not change for the better nor worse when they went UHC. Going from that, what we can expect to see for the US is no change in our spending, nor the rate at which it increases, because that’s what happened every else.

Are there really that many on the left - as opposed to just public employee interest groups - who want more government involvement for its own sake? Mostly, even left ideologues are against big business control of the health system - in the same way right ideologues are against government control of it.