Apparently, Voyager 1 has passed the Heliopause, and so is now in interstellar space.
Here’s the article I first saw this on*. I’ve googled up many links, many of which are utter crap. What’s the real deal? Has Voyager crossed the Heliopause? Has Elvis left the building?
*Actually, I first heard it on NPR, googled it, and this is the first article from a reputable source I got. I also got lots of obvious crap.
So far as scientists can determine, it has in fact left the heliopause, as has been anticipated for several years now. This is one reasonable definition for “edge of the Solar System”, but there are a number of other definitions, depending on context, and by many of those definitions, it’ll still be a very long time indeed before it “leaves the Solar System”. For instance, there are still plenty of objects which orbit the Sun, and which are much further away than the Voyager probes.
Oh, and to explain by way of analogy what the heliopause is: Turn on the water in your kitchen sink. As the sink first starts filling up, there will be a circular region around where the water is hitting where it’s just jetting straight out, then there’s an abrupt boundary outside of which it’s smooth water. The heliopause is the equivalent of that boundary, where the solar wind stops jetting out and meets the calmer interstellar medium.
At the distance of Earth’s orbit from the sun, escape velocity from the Sun is around 90,000 mph. The farther out you get, the lower it is. Voyager is moving faster than escape velocity, and will never fall back to the Sun.
Personally, I like to think about, for example, the guy who made one of the bolts on the side of Voyager. It’s possible that eventually everything on Earth will be destroyed when the Sun goes supernova. But the bolt that guy made (along with the rest of Voyager) might well survive the rest of humanity.
I certainly hope that we’ll make other interplanetary probes, which would likewise outlast the Earth. Heck, we already have at least four others that are escaping the Sun.
Or, …one day, a million years from now, archeologists will send a probe out to where the Voyager has travelled, pick it up and bring it back to earth, to put in a museum and study. It will be a perfectly preserved sample of the earliest known human technologies before the Silicon Era.
Or, it will return in the heart of an energy cloud some two-and-a-half centuries from now, destroying everything in its path, and demand to meet its creator.