Interesting.
When you cut/copy content from almost any program more sophisticated than Notepad, it actually gets stored on the clipboard in several formats. One is the program’s native format, one is the plainest of plain text, and there may be intermediate formats as well.
And when you paste, Windows offers all those versions of the content up to the accepting program. It decides which version to accept and transfer into itself.
The fancier formats are how you can copy/paste a table or something with embedded bold & italics from one doc to another. Or copy/paste a hunk of spreadsheet with formulas and such into another spreadsheet. Or copy/paste a picture.
The typical dumb browser textbox can only accept the plain text. Fancier ones can accept the fully formatted text. Intermediate ones may accept the fancier formatted text then garble part of the magic so it appears as gibberish. Or explicitly tattle on the fact they saw & handled the fancier formatting.
Bottom Line: Nothing mysterious here; just one more feature of Windows that usually sits there in plain sight but just below the typical users’ level of notice.
nevermind
But, does that enable them to know that the text was copy/pasted?
If by “them” you mean the website owners, then perhaps the purpose of the behavior of the textbox is to enable them to detect copy/paste from Word. Or perhaps it’s a bug and they have no idea how this gibberish keeps getting into people’s submissions. The only people who can tell you for sure how they use the submissions are the people who actually use the submissions.
Note that copy/paste from different word processors (or any other source app) may well inject different tattletale/buggy info into the submitted data. So even if they’re actively looking for tattletale info you might be able to fool them by using a different word processor that provides tattletales the auditing app (or auditing person) doesn’t recognize as such.