Western influence in Japanese Role Playing Games

Not to sure if this goes in GQ or CS, but since I’m looking for a quasi-factual answer, I’ll put it in here.

There’s beens something that bugs me in Japanese RPGs, namely, the “Western”
religions that are portrayed in them. My experience in these games are as follows, and these are all pretty popular games, so I assume that at least some of you have played them.

Chrono Trigger
Harvest Moon
Lufia II
Grandia II
Shining Force
Have outright elements of western religion (meaning orthodox Christianity, for the most part), with priests and churches almost exactly copying the style of dress, the mode of address, etc. Pews, Nuns - you get the point.

In addition, the pervasiveness of the “Cleric” character type, even in games that do not feature “churches” outright.
Why is there a lack of, say, Shinto-styled priests? Perhaps I should expand my question to the mythology as well - why dragons, or centaurs, or knights? Granted that there have been games based on Ninja and Japanese Swordsmen, but at least in the RPG area, they are highly outnumbered by the knights.

And I’ve never seen a Shinto Priest, ever. Is this a localisation problem, or what? I don’t quite understand why it is as it is. After all, there is no lack of religion in Western games and RPGs as well, but most of them feature Western Orthodox religion as well, and never the Eastern religions. Why should the reverse be true?

I think it is because the games you mentioned are all Western fantasy based.

Take a look at Bioware’s new RPG coming out called Jade Empire. That is a completely asian fantasy world.

The RPG’s you mentioned were not aiming for that type of atmosphere. Why? Who knows? If you notice, americans seems ot be obsessed with all things asian (martial arts, anime, mythology, etc). It could be the same thing, maybe asians are sick of the mythology they grw up with and look to new sources for their inspiration.

Along the same lines, is just me or do most, if not all, RPG characters seem to be caucasion? Or is it just the artwork that makes it impossible to tell?

Obviously some of them are caucasion, since you don’t see a lot of naturally blonde and redheaded Japanese people.
And there are elements of asian culture mixed in at times. In one of my favorite Final Fantasy games, FF5, the villian has a sidekick by the name of Giglamesh, who looks like he is wearing Japanese Armor(even though the name is middle eastern).

Some of both.

A lot of the SF roleplaying games I recall showed humans of indistinguishable ancestry a significant fraction of the time, as if the species had homogenized through interbreeding of the races.

And for fantasy, look at TSR’s Forgotten Realms, and even Greyhawk. They have extensive milieus with representatives of many real-world human races and cultures.

But the basic setting of Fantasy RPGs is the stereotypical European Dark Age or earlier, so of course you’re going to notice a dominance of Western culture in the trappings at first.

(Thread moving to CS in 3… 2… 1… )

I think most RPGs are set in a real hodgepodge sort of place, and you really can just pick and choose and decide its setting is “like this”

chronotrigger is a great example. look at chrono’s home time, try to describe the setting, its kinda hard to figure out what sort of world it is. on one hand people have knights and armor and kings and things, but on the other hand if you look everyone has refrigerators in there houses, and lucca can build a working robot (gato) and uses hand guns. basicly they draw in whatever they want in the setting, its just a mix of all sorts of elements.

"Have outright elements of western religion (meaning orthodox Christianity, for the most part), with priests and churches almost exactly copying the style of dress, the mode of address, etc. Pews, Nuns - you get the point.

In addition, the pervasiveness of the “Cleric” character type, even in games that do not feature “churches” outright."

A few reasons why Japanese game use these elements:

  1. Tradition. RPGs originated in the West. Hence when the Japanese make RPGs, they, like everyone else, tend to fall back on the old reliable material that everyone knows and loves–things from Dungeons and Dragons or from the earliest RPG videogames (Ultima, Wizardry, Rogue, etc.)

Those elements have become an integral part of the genre over time, by sheer force of tradition. For example, the reason the Cleric character is so common is for what he does in terms of the game (healing and protection spells) not for what he represents (religion.) You could strip the religious connotation and call him the Medic or the Protector instead. But it’s been Cleric for so long that everyone’s used to it.

(The same is true in the West: developers are much more likely to fall back on D&D than they are to do an RPG set in the present day, or in ancient Rome, or on some strange, completely original fantasy world with creatures and insitutions no one has ever heard of.)

  1. Convention. For whatever reason, Japanese popular culture of the last 50 years has borrowed heavily from Western iconography–to the point, as HPL says, that many characters in Japanese comics/anime/videogames look more like caucasians than Asians, even when it’s not setting-appropriate. (I’m playing a Japanese videogame set in medieval China right now, and all the characters look like white Hollywood actors with their hair dyed black.) So it’s not just RPGs that do this.

  2. Exoticism. Often Western elements are used because they are unusual, and hence interesting. You may find, say, nuns and Western-style churches to be rather mundane, but to the Japanese they are as exotic as pagodas and the tea ceremony are to us.

  3. Lack of a cultural context. People assure me that Japanese RPGs are full of references to Shinto and other Japanese/Asian traditions. However, I’m largely ignorant about such things, so those references just fly right over my head.

Meanwhile, the Western references stick out to me like a sore thumb – even when, in some cases, they aren’t really Western references. E.g. when I see a community of religious men living in their own compound and wearing robes and funny haircuts, I think of Western-style monks and monasteries. But of course there are Aisian monks as well, and so I may see a Western reference where a Japanese player may not.

Likewise, the translation can make something appear more Western that it really is, e.g. translating “samurai” as “knight.”

"After all, there is no lack of religion in Western games and RPGs as well, but most of them feature Western Orthodox religion as well, and never the Eastern religions. "

Not so. I’ve never played a fantasy RPG videogame* where you play a character belonging to an actual modern-day Western religion. (“Hmmm … should I make this character an Archbishop, a Minister, a Rabbi, or an Imam?”) Apart from some terminology (e.g. “Cleric,” “Priest”) and some concepts (monestaries, holy water, etc), most religion in Western fantasy RPG videogames is in fact a made-up mixture of long-dead pagan religions and convenient game mechanics.

There are good reasons for this. One, it avoids offending people: not everone wants to see their deeply held beliefs turned into a recipe book for killing giant rats and bandits. Two, it’s a lot easier for the game designer to make the religion fit the game than to make the game fit the religion.

*Well, OK, there was one: Darklands. And pen-and-paper RPGs are less concerned with offending people, so there have been a fair number of pen-and-paper RPGs that use real Western religions.

Disclaimer: I’m completely out of the loop when it comes to games. I haven’t even heard of any of the ones you mentioned.

That being said.

One other factor you need to consider is that only a portion of Japanese games are exported. Games that contain plenty of references to Japanese culture are perhaps considered hard to sell to a foreign audience.

I looked at the Yahoo Japan site to find titles of Japanese RPGs that have Asian elements. Do you recognise any of those?

Ore no shikabane wo koete yuke
Tengai makyo (Far East of Eden)
Tenjouhi
Makai Tenshou even appears to have a Buddhist monk character.

I just picked titles that looked like they may be set in Asia. There’s probably more, though it’s true they’re in minority.

Let me guess… Romance of the Three Kingdoms Five… Thousand?

[QUOTE=HPL]
Along the same lines, is just me or do most, if not all, RPG characters seem to be caucasion? Or is it just the artwork that makes it impossible to tell?

Obviously some of them are caucasion, since you don’t see a lot of naturally blonde and redheaded Japanese people.
QUOTE]

I believe that the number of blonde, redheaded,( and lilac etc) haired characters in Japanese games is probably originally due to graphical limitations of the old consoles. If, as an artist, you only have a 16x16 sprite for the face of the characters it would be hard to make them look sufficently different if you gave all the males short black hair.

The only one of the games that you’ve mentioned that I’m familiar with is the GBA version of Harvest Moon. For those of you who are not familiar with this game, it’s a game where you pretend to be a farmer, and you interact with the residents of a small rural town. The town looks, to my eyes, at least, very Western (but not entirely so), so a Western-style church does not seem out of place at all.

I wouldn’t call the church in the town a Christian church–after all, they pray to the Harvest Goddess. However, it looks like a Christian church, and has many Christian-style trappings–the priest wears a clerical collar, there is a confessional, there are pews. One of the church’s main functions in the game is to host weddings, and I understand that Western-style weddings, with the big white dress, etc., are now common in Japan. So, perhaps that’s why it’s a church.

As far as the characters go, the things that we think make a character “not Japanese-looking” (big eyes, multi-hued hair, etc.) are not necessarily the same things that make Japanese people think that. In anime, if a character is supposed to be Caucasian, they are often drawn with a huge nose. To me, that doesn’t look necessarily Caucasian–it just looks like someone with a big nose. In a RPG or an anime, the different hair colors don’t indicate race–they’re just a way to make each character look different. In “Ranma 1/2”, Ranma’s hair changes from black to red once he turns into a girl, and yet this is never mentioned in the series the way the breasts, etc. are. It’s just a way to indicate to the TV audience that this is now girl-Ranma.

Exactly. My wife owns a very interesting Japanese art book called “How to Draw Bishoujo from Around the World.” Bishoujo are literally “pretty girl pictures” and the book shows how to tweak anime-style drawings of girls to indicate different ethnic backgrounds. Amazingly, given the extreme stylization of the anime & manga styles, you can still communicate a lot about ethnic background.

While westerners make a big deal about eye shape in distinguishing European and Asian, the Japanese don’t pay much attention to that. As Tamex points out, they’re more interested in nose size. Hair color is also not a very important ethnic marker, but hair texture is – European/American girls get wavy hair, while Asian girls get straight hair. There are a bunch of other little cues as well – American girls get drawn with broader shoulders and wider hips, for example.

Any widely-used stylized art tradition will develop a standardized visual shorthand for conveying certain things. (Think of the flying sweat droplets that show nervousness in American comics.) Different traditions will evolve different visual conventions. Japanese stylistic conventions for marking ethnicity are very different from American ones. So characters that are drawn to look Japanese to a Japanese audience will not necessarily read as Japanese to an American audience.