Imagine, if you will, the following people:
Patrick is having a crisis of faith; raised conservative Christian, he’s having major doubts about the whole God thing but is upset, along the lines of “I don’t think there’s a God but I sure wish there was”, upset to the point that he doesn’t get anything done, blows off appointments and tasks, sometimes thinks of suicide, and even when not suicidal often says “What’s the use, what’s the purpose of anything anyhow?”
Suzanne was originally happy with her life; she’d left her good job to move with her husband and was fine with a non-careerpath part-time job while she raised the three kids and make a real home from the nice ranch house they got a good mortgage on. When husband started drinking and becoming abusive, she worked on him to get him to agree to couples’ counseling, and she found other interests & hobbies as the kids got older, but then he lost his job and become intermittently violent, and now she feels like she made bad life choices, feels stuck with a bad husband and, in light of probably impending divorce, a high mortgage and a sense that except for her kids everything she’s put energy into in the last 12 years is going down the tubes. Her cheerful persona has been punctured, she’s upset and cries a lot, has contemplated suicide on occasion, and even when not suicidal often says “What’s the use, what’s the purpose of anything anyhow?”
Melinda was raped four months ago by someone she knows, not a boyfriend or relative but someone who was a regular acquaintance. She believes that he has bragged about ‘getting’ her to their mutual acquaintances. She hasn’t reported the event to the police, although she’s been on the verge many times. She also hasn’t confronted any of the folks who are among their circle of acquaintances at times when she’s picked up on insinuations & innuendos to set them straight about what really went down, although she’s almost choked on her anger & was about to several times, but got scared that they might not take her side. She doesn’t feel safe with anyone any more. She distrusts her own ‘trustometer’ and often feels stupid. For days on end she doesn’t feel like leaving the apartment or even getting out of bed, she’s thought of suicide and made actual plans, and in her journal she writes “What’s the use, what’s the purpose of anything anyhow?”
Ahmed has a good job and good friends but as the Iraq war has dragged on finds himself increasingly distracted by the need to puzzle out things that previously did not seem to be in conflict — his American patriotism, his pride in his Iraqi heritage, the peaceful comfort of being able to practice Islam in a pluralistic society, his heartfelt desire to see dictator Saddam Hussein deposted. Everything somehow seems to have gone to hell in a handbasket. He has a cousin who is believed to be held at Guantanamo Bay. The American attitude towards Islam has gotten scary and so has the tone of lots of Islamic culture itself. Perhaps worst of all, his friends and coworkers just seem so unfazed and unbothered and somehow shallow and vapid and he has to either not talk to them or put on a false front of easy bland cheer. Lately he’s called in sick quite a bit and has said to his concerned girlfriend “Sometimes I think nothing matters, what’s the use, what’s the purpose of anything anyhow?”
Rhonda has no discernable events of situations in her life that I am aware of to tell you about. I mean, it is possible that something is going on with her that would make sense of how she acts and feels lately, but if so, it’s nothing that she can put her finger on, or nothing she can tell me about. She is here saying she’s miserable all the time, and all her friends are worried about her always being miserable and she is scared that everyone will leave her and she’ll be alone if she doesn’t get over it. It feels like nothing matters, what’s the use of anything, what’s the purpose of anything, why not just die and get it all over with?
Now, does anyone seriously want to suggest that that if we sent each of these folks, in turn, to a spiritual counselor, a feminist therapist, a psychiatrist, a psychologist of the behavior-mod school, a marxist social worker, a hippie guru, a nutritionist, an endocrinologist, a career counselor, and a holistic massage therapist, that each expert would consider the same possibilities in the same order? Of course not.
In choosing to go to a psychiatrist, you are framing your problems in a certain way. (Just as you are framing them in a different certain way by going to one of the others).
If our sample patient-people go to psychiatrists, chances are that all of them will have what they are feeling and the associated behaviors assessed as probable symptoms of the mental illness called “depression”, which the psychiatrists have been taught to conceptualize as a serotonin deficiency disorder best treated with antidepressant pharmaceuticals. This is particularly true for Rhonda, who doesn’t have a backstory of events and circumstances that point towards other ways of understanding these presenting symptoms, but it would not be at all unusual for all of the above people to have their problems assessed from that standpoint.
Regardless of how you may feel about spiritual counselors, feminist therapists, psychologists, marxist social workers, hippie gurus, and career counselors, their starting point differs from that of the psychiatrist in one critical aspect: they aren’t likely to start off considering the emotional state to be an artifact of a physiological pathology. They will mostly likely assume that the emotional state, like most emotional states, is a valid reaction to something that needs to be dealt with.
You could say that they differ also from endocrinologists, nutritionists, and massage therapists, who also will tend to think the feelings have a physical cause — but (in descending & consecutive order) they will generally test, with established, rigorously scientifically based panels for conditions with known etiologies which are addressed with hormones identical to those naturally produced in the healthy human body , or they will assess, with tables based on established metabolic processes and nutritional needs, for dietary insufficiencies that, if they exist, can usually be addressed without introducing into the body anything more medically intrusive than different foods, or they will assess, based on the somewhat esoteric and scientifically underevaluated protocols and traditions of the profession, for tensions and conditions and bottled-up chi that they will then address without introducing into the body anything at all, just prompting the body to release its own little chemicals and whatnot as a consequence of proper manual stimulation of muscles, nerves, and bones.
I don’t know that the counselors, gurus, MSW’s, endos, and whatnot would necessarily, upon finding no evidence of the kinds of problems that they specialize in, recommend to the patient that they see the others each in turn, including the psychiatrist. Some will, some won’t.
Point is, the treatments provided by the psychiatrists, by their very nature, are going to mask the symptoms that may be symptoms of a wide range of other problems instead of this mental illness called clinical depression, at least to a significant extent. There is zero evidence that any psychiatric pharmaceutical will only work on the constellation of feelings and behaviors when those are due to an actual brain-based, medical-model mental illness.
The profession lacks any means of distinguishing between a person with the symptoms due to something different and a person with the symptoms due to true mental illness. In practice, if not in theory, the symptom is the disease. They also don’t have any protocol for determining that, insofar as what they are treating you with isn’t working, you must have something else and should go see a different kind of doctor or therapist. They don’t do that. It just ain’t done. Nope, you get tagged with “treatment-resistant <mental-illness-name>” and they try a different psychiatric pharmaceutical, or eventually perhaps ECT. But because they don’t have any good “rule-out” protocols for eliminating mental illness as a possible cause of your symptoms, they are not prone to refer out. (They do, of course, refer out if you break your arm, get a ruptured appendix while on the psych ward, need a tooth extracted, etc, that’s not what I mean. I mean they don’t refer out for the presenting causes. Folks with symptoms of mental illness that they aren’t able to address with success aren’t sent on to the endos or nutritionists or marriage counselors as a general rule)
And that’s a good reason to rule out everything else first.